unit 3- gravitational electric and magnetic fields

friction

• two neutral objects are rubbed together

• depends on the electron affinity of the material (electrostatic series; low affinity loses to high affinity)

• the distance between the substances in the electrostatic series will define how much change is transferred.

conduction

CONTACT

• charge is transferred from a charged object to another (must start with a charge imbalance)

• electrons transfer between the two objects until they both have the same charge.

induction

• must start with a charge imbalance

• objects are brought close together but not touching

• electrons will rearrange themselves; opposites attract, likes repel.

to remove excess charge

static discharge or grounding

static discharge

• excess charge leaves via a conductor

• as the charge leaves, excess energy is emitted as visible light (spark)

grounding

excess charge can be balanced by connecting the object to the ground via a conductor.

direction

determined based on whether it is being attracted or repelled

magnitude

determined on the size of the charges and the distance between them

law of electrostatics

opposites attract, likes repel

point charge

spherical with an even charge distribution

move further away from the charge…

the electric flux decreases

flux

field line density (eg; number of field lines in a specific area)

maximum force

experienced closest to the charge and decreases as the charge moves away

force experienced between two charges…

proportional to the distance between them

for a charge of q in a field strength of e…

work done depends on the direction and magnitude of the change in position.

change in energy of a charge as it moves from point A to point B…

depends on the initial and final potential it has to do work

electric field

how the electric potential energy as the location changes

electric potential

the amount of energy at a particular location

as the potential energy changes…

there is the ability to do more work as Ee becomes Ek

when a charge is released…

it will lose potential as it gains kinetic energy

why was the millikan’s experiment performed?

to determine the fundamental charge, e (the magnitude of charge on p+ and e-)

e

1.602 x 10^-19 c