radiographic procedures chest p1

bony thorax

protective framework

respiratory system

lungs and airway

mediastinum

space between lungs

bony thorax structures

Sternum

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid process

Clavicles

Scapulae

12 pairs of ribs

12 thoracic

vertebrae

Respiratory System structures

Four divisions:

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs

Mediastinum structures

Four

structures:

Trachea

Esophagus

Thymus gland

Heart and great vessels

Pharynx

common passage for both air and food, used by both digestive and respiratory system

Thyroid Gland

located anteriorly in neck just below the larynx-very radiosensitive

right bronchi measurements

2.5cm long, 25 deg angle of divergence. wider

left bronchi measurements

5cm long, 37 deg angle of divergence

what level is Carina at

t5

right lungs

3 secondary bronchi, 3 lobes

left lungs

2 secondary bronchi, 2 lobes

parenchyma

highly elastic tissue allows for expansion and contraction of lungs

pleura

membranes containing lungs

parietal pleura

outer layer of pleural sac

Pulmonary or Visceral pleura

inner layer covers surfaces of lungs

pleural cavity

space between-contains lubricating fluids

pleural effusion

accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity

hemothorax

accumulation of blood in pleural cavity

pneumothorax

air or gas present in pleural cavity

diaphragm

primary muscle of inspiration

hemidiaphragm

each half of diaphragm

As diaphragm moves down (inspiration)

-volume of thoracic cavity

increases

– Intrathoracic pressure

decreases

A?

Trachea

B?

Apex

C?

carina

D?

Base of lungs

e?

diaphragm

F?

costophrenic angle

g?

hilum(root region) blood vessels

A?

apex

B?

upper lobe

C?

hilum

D?

lower lobe

E?

base of lung

F?

diaphragm

the ? affects what lung and how

liver causes right lung to be 1 inches shorter

Evaluate body habitus of patient to determine whether the IR should be placed…

lengthwise or crosswise

The width of the “average” PA or AP chest is ?

than the vertical dimension

greater

Recumbent chests typically require the IR to be placed

?

crosswise

what should be shown after a inspiration scan

10 posterior ribs above diaphragm (ideal)

For certain conditions both inspiration & expiration images are taken bc..?

pneumothorax, lack of movement of diaphragm, foreign body, and the need to distinguish between opacity in the rib and one in the lung

Radiation Protection collimation-

reduces dose and improves quality

radiation protection back scatter-

Additional shield between pt and IR

the most repeated xray scan?

chest

kVp for chest xray

High kV (110 to 125)

why does chest have high kVp

it allows for low contrast for lung markings (more shades of gray)

Evaluating mAs

visualize faint outlines of at least the

mid and upper vertebrae

posterior ribs through the heart

Mediastinum