EMT Chapter 17, Neurology

Which cranial nerve is responsible for BP, HR, Coughing, and Sneezing?

Vagas Nerve

What is a Cerebrovascular Accident(CVA)?

Stroke

The brain cells will develop _________, a reduction in blood supply that results in inadequate oxygen being supplied to brain

Ischemia

Hypothalamus

Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire

What are the two main divisions of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

Cranial, spinal, Plexuses, peripheral nerves theoughout body

medula oblongata

Connects spinal cord to brain, nerve tracts from skde to side

What are the 3 major layers of connective tissue for meninges surrounding the Brain?

Dura, Subdural, Arachnid

3 types of strokes

Thrombotic, Embolic, Hemorrhagic

2 kinds of strokes

Ischemic, Hemorrhagic (CVA or TIA)

Cincinnati Stroke Scale

Facial droop, Arm Drift, Speech

Status Epilepticus

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last more than 30 minutes.

Hematomas

Subdural, Intracerebral, Epidural

Aphasia

difficulty in producing or comprehending language

Incontinence

the inability to control urination/bowel control

AEIOU TIPS

Alcohol, Epilepsy, Insulin, Opiates (or other drugs), Uremia (kidney failure).

Trauma/Temperature, Infection, Poisoning/Psychogenic, Shock/Stroke

Aneurism

Swelling or enlargment of the wall of an artery.

What state that lasts 5-30 minutes follows generalized seizures?

Postictal state

FAST

Facial Droop, Arm Drift, Speech, Time (last seen acting normally)

Aura

A sensation expedienced before a seizure; serves as a warning sign.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen.

Patient is exhibiting slurred speech, facial droop, and inability to move left arm. Which neurological examination emphasizes these possible stroke signs?

Cincinnati Stroke Scale

What happens when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage resulting in tissue damage?

Ischemic Stroke

A ________ is typically characterized by unconsciousness and a generalized severe twitching of the body's muscles that lasts several minutes or longer

Generalized Seizure

The _______________ controls the most basic functions of the body, such s breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and pupil constriction.

Brain stem

At each vertebrae in the neck and back, _________ nerves, called spinal nerves, branch out from the spinal cord and carry signals to and from the body

Two

When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is _____________

Ischemic stroke

Patients who are at the highest risk of hemorrhagic stroke are those who have _____________

Untreated hypertension

Patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of a sudden severe ________

Headache

The plaque that builds up in atherosclerosis obstructs blood flow and interferes with the vessels ability to _______

Dilate

A TIA, or mini-stroke, is the name given to a stroke when symptoms go away on their own in less than __________ ______

24 hours

Patients with a decreased level of consciousness should not be:

Be given anything by mouth

Aneurysm

Swelling or enlargement of part of an artery resulting from weakness of the arterial wall

Brain stem

Controls basic functions of the body, such as breathing and blood pressure

Cerebellum

Controls muscle and body coordination

Cerebrum

Part of the brain located above the cerebellum; divided into right and left hemispheres.

Stroke

Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply.

Headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of:

Increased intracranial pressure

________ ________ are the second most common type of headache and are thought to be caused by changes in blood vessel size in the base of the brain

Migraine headaches

Consider the possibility of _____ in a patient who has had a seizure

Hypoglycemia

The principal difference between a patient who has had a stroke and a patient with Hypoglycemia almost always has to do with the:

Mental status

When assessing a patient with a history of seizure activity it is important to:

Determine whether this episode differs from any previous ones

When assessing a patient with a possible CVA, you should check the _______ first.

Airway

A ________ is usually a warning sign that a larger, significant stroke may occur in the future.

Transient ischemic attack

Which mnemonic is used to check a patients mental status?

AVPU

You ask a patient, "what day is it today?" She responds "butterfly". Which part of the brain is likely affected?

Left hemisphere

If a receiving facility tells you the cause of a stroke was due to a buildup of calcium and cholesterol, forming a plaque inside the walls of the patient's blood vessels, you would know this patient has:

Atherosclerosis

There are ____ cranial nerves

12

Playing the piano is coordinated by the ________

Cerebellum

The two main types of strokes are _______ and ________

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

The brain is most sensitive to _____, ______, and ______ levels.

Glucose, oxygen, and temperature

An incident in which you have more than one patient complaining of a headache may indicate:

Carbon Monoxide poisoning

A _______ ______ seizure may cause twitching of the extremity muscles that may spread slowly to another body part.

Simple partial

Each hemisphere of the cerebrum controls activities on the _______ side of the body

Opposite

Complex partial seizures result from abnormal discharged from the ______ lobe of the brain

Temporal

_________ is a loss of bowel and bladder control and can be due to a generalized seizure

Incontinence

Dilantin and Tegretol are medicines used to control _________ __________

Epileptic seizures

A period following a seizure in which the muscles relax and the breathing becomes labored is called a _________ _________

Postictal state

Weakness in one side of the body is known as :

Hemiperesis

A person who was eating prior to having a seizure may have a _________ ________ ________

Foreign body obstruction

All patients with an altered mental status should have an ________ ________ _______ score

Glasgow Coma Scale

______ ________ May reverse stroke symptoms and even stop a stroke if given within 3 to 6 hours of the onset of symptoms

Thrombotic therapy