gas exchange (structure of the respiratory system)

gas exchange

between an organism and its environment associated with cellular respiration i.e. the uptake of oxygen and the giving off of carbon dioxide

respiratory system

system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs

Where does the respiratory system lie

Thorax (chest) along with the heart

what is the thorax sepearted by from the abdomen

diaphragm

what is the thorax surronded by

ribs and sternum (breastbone) at the front and at the posterior side by vertebral column.

what does the respiratory system consist of

a number of tubes, the air passages and the lungs

examples of the air passage

nasal cavaties, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi

what are the air passages made up of and why

tubes, to allow air to reach the lungs

What do the nasal cavities do?

warm and filter air entering the res system, the nostils have coarse hairs to trap dust and other particles

what else is in the nostrils to help the respiration system

lined with cilliated epithelium and goblet cells. the cilla help remove dust as well

what do goblet cells do

Produce mucus, to keep the lining moist and air moistened.

What else does the lining of the nasal cavity have to be to keep air flowing in warm

Highly vascular

What does the upper part of the nasal cavity contain?

Organ of smell

After passing the navel cavity is the air passes through the what?

Nasopharynx (above the soft palate), and pharynx into the larynx at the top of the trachea

Immediately above the larynx, the tube divides into what?

The trachea and a oesophagus

What is the epiglottis?

A flap of tissue that closes the trachea upon swallowing so that the food does not enter the trachea

How many cartilages does larynx consist of?

9

What does the nine cartridges form

Forms a ring and shaped at the front to form the Adam's apple

What are the vocal cords made up of?

Two photos of mucus membranes are stretched across the cavity of larynx

During speaking or singing what happens to the cords

Tiny muscles move the cords so that they draw closer together and their tension is increased.

What do the chords do when expiration happens

They vibrate

Where does the trachea commence?

At the lower border of larynx

What is the trachea

A flexible tube

What is the trachea held open by?

1617, incomplete rings of cartilage (incomplete on the posterior side), so that it can expand as the air passes through

Where does the trachea lie?

In front of the oesophagus

What is the trachea lined with?

Ciliated epithelium containing goblet cells which produce mucus to trap particles of dust and remove them up to the pharynx for swallowing

The trachea divides into two

bronchi

What do the bronchi enter

Lungs

What are the bronchi held open by

Cartilage

What do the bronchi divide into

The bronchioles, which form the bronchial tree

What does a fine bronchioles lack

The rings of cartilage

The fine bronchioles are made up of

Walls that are muscular and lined with ciliated epithelium

What are the lungs

Main organs of the respiratory system

What do the lungs look like?

The lungs are cone shaped with a depression on the medial side of the lungs roots lies

What do the long root consists of

Bronchus, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins, nerves and lymph vessels

The right lung consists of what

Three lobes

The left lung consists of how many lobes

2 lobes

What are the lungs highly in?

Highly vascular

What is the texture of the lungs?

spongy

Each bronchiole terminates in what

A thin walled air sac giving rise to the numerous alveoli (have the appearance of a bunch of grapes)

How many alveoli are there?

Approximately 7 million giving a surface area of 70 m²

Do you have alveoli have a thin wall of what?

Squamous epithelium

What are alveoli associated with

Blood capillaries

Where does gas exchange occur?

alveoli

The lungs are covered in what membrane

Pleural membrane continuous from thoracic cavity

The 2 pleurae ate separated by a film of fluid produced by the membranes to prevent what?

Prevent abrasions during breathing

The fluid filled space is called what

Pleural cavity

Pleurisy is what?

inflammation of the pleura