Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

A theory that explains how individuals develop their morals over time through distinct levels and stages.

Morality

Systems of beliefs about what is right and good compared to what is wrong or bad.

Moral development

Changes in moral beliefs as a person grows older and gains maturity.

Pre-conventional level

The first level in Kohlberg's theory where moral reasoning is based on external consequences.

Conventional level

The second level in Kohlberg's theory where moral reasoning is based on internalizing social rules.

Post-conventional level

The third level in Kohlberg's theory where moral reasoning is based on abstract principles.

Stage one: Punishment-and obedience Orientation

Children are motivated to avoid punishment and their good or bad is linked to punishment.

Stage two: Instrumental hedonism/self-interest

Individuals focus on fulfilling their own interests while acknowledging other viewpoints.

Stage three: Good boy or Good girl Morality

Emphasis on gaining approval from role models and society by being kind and showing concern for others.

Stage four: Authority and Social order Maintaining Morality

Individuals argue that breaking the law is wrong to maintain social order.

Stage five: Morality of Contract, Individual rights and the law

Acting in ways that respect individual rights and are best for society.

Stage six: Morality of Individual principles of conscience

Focus on upholding universal ethical principles, endorsing justice and fairness.

Criticism of Kohlberg's Theory

Moral reasoning does not equal moral behavior, emphasizes justice, and displays cultural, age, and gender biases.