Sentences and Writing

Homophones

Words that sound the same but are spelled different and have different meanings

Ex: sea and see, write and right, hear and here

Homographs

Words that are spelled the same but sound different or can sound the same and have different meaning

Ex: lead and lead, bat and bat, bow and bow

Homonyms

Words that are spelled the same and sound the same but have different meanings

Ex: letter and letter, ring and ring

Direct quotes

Use the speakers own words, put quotation marks around the speech

Ex: Stephanie said, “I am learning a new topic.”

Indirect quotes

Do not use the exact words of the speaker and do not use quotation marks

Ex: Stephanie said that she was learning a new topic (also in past tense)

What is a predicate?

Tells us what someone or something does

Ex: Mr. Smith lost his dog, lost is the predicate

What is a modifier?

Word or phrase that adds information, usually an adjective or adverb

Ex: I have a grey truck, grey is the modifier

Independent clause

A complete thought, does not need additional information

Ex: The cat is sleeping.

Dependent clause

Incomplete thought, needs additional information

Ex: When the cat is sleeping

Simple sentence

One independent clause, completed thought

Compound sentence

Links two or more independent clauses together, is joined by coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS- for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

ex: "He forgot his jacket, so he felt very cold"

Complex sentence

One independent clause and one dependent clause

Ex: Everyone cheered (independent) when he won the award (dependent)

Compound-complex sentences

Contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. The independent clause joins using a semicolon using conjunctions (and, but, so)

Because the storm was strong, the power went out in the town; and the residents stayed inside.

Direct objects

Actual objects, answers the question what? who? whom?

He threw stones in the river (stones=direct object)

Indirect object

Recipient of the direct object, answers the question at whom? to whom?

Ex: She passed the ball to Kathy. (indirect object=Kathy)

Narrative writing

Tells a story, connected events, plot

Expository writing

Textbooks, instruction manuals, used to inform about facts

Colloquial writing

Language that is informal, casual, everyday speech