LAYER 7 (APPLICATION) PROTOCOLS

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - PORT 25

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol - PORT 161

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - PORT 80

LPD

Line Printer Deamon

The Line Printer Daemon (LPD) is a protocol and a process that manages print jobs for network printing. It's a legacy protocol used for sending print jobs from a client to a printer that supports it.

• Protocol: The LPD protocol, often used with LPR (Line Printer Requester), defines how print jobs are sent from a client to a printer. LPR sends the print job, and LPD receives it and manages the print queue. 

• Process: LPD is a daemon, meaning it runs in the background on the print server, waiting for print jobs to arrive. 

• Functionality: LPD's primary function is to receive print jobs from clients, queue them, and then send them to the printer when it's ready. 

• Legacy: LPD is a legacy protocol, meaning it's older and less common than newer protocols like IPP. It's still used in some older systems and printers that don't support IPP. 

• Port: LPD uses TCP port 515 for communication. 

• Security: LPD can be vulnerable to security issues if not properly configured. 

• Configuration: Configuring LPD on a printer server may involve enabling the LPD service, specifying queue names, and potentially configuring security settings. 

FTP

File Transfer Protocol - PORT 21

TELNET

TELNET - PORT 23

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol - PORT 69

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange

Electronic Data Interchange, is a method for businesses to exchange business documents electronically using standard formats. It automates processes, reduces errors, and improves efficiency in supply chain and financial operations by integrating with various systems like ERP, WMS, and e-commerce platforms. 

1. Standardized Format:

   EDI uses specific, pre-defined formats for business documents like purchase orders, invoices, and shipping notices. 

2. 2. Electronic Transmission:

   These documents are transmitted electronically between trading partners, typically using methods like point-to-point connections or value-added networks (VANS). 

3. 3. Automated Processing:

   EDI systems automatically process these electronic documents, reducing manual tasks and errors. 

4. 4. Integration with Systems:

   EDI can integrate with various business systems like ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), WMS (Warehouse Management System), and e-commerce platforms, streamlining data flow. 

5. 5. Example:

   A buyer might send a purchase order (code 850) electronically to a seller, who responds with an acknowledgment (code 855). 

6. 6. Standard EDI Documents:

   EDI documents generally contain the same information found in paper documents, but in a structured, computer-readable format. 

Benefits of EDI:

• Increased Efficiency: EDI automates processes, saving time and reducing manual tasks. 

• Reduced Errors: Standardized formats and electronic transmission minimize the risk of manual errors. 

• Faster Transaction Processing: EDI speeds up the exchange of documents and information, leading to faster order fulfillment and invoicing. 

• Improved Accuracy: EDI ensures data accuracy by using standard formats and eliminating manual entry. 

• Enhanced Collaboration: EDI facilitates better communication and coordination between trading partners. 

• Cost Savings: EDI can reduce costs associated with manual processes, paper, and postage. 

• Increased Productivity: EDI helps businesses increase productivity by automating tasks and improving efficiency. 

Types of EDI:

• Point-to-Point (Direct): A direct, secure connection between two businesses to exchange EDI documents. 

• VAN (Value-Added Network): A third-party network that manages the transmission of EDI documents. 

• Web EDI: EDI transactions conducted over the internet. 

• Mobile EDI: EDI transactions performed on mobile devices. 

• AS2 (Secure AS2): EDI transactions using the Secure Application Protocol. 

• Cloud-Based EDI: EDI solutions hosted in the cloud. 

• EDI Outsourcing: External vendors manage EDI operations. 

POP3

Post Office Protocol version 3 - PORT 110

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol - PORT 143

NNTP

Network News Transport Protocol

Network News Transfer Protocol, is a protocol used for distributing and retrieving news articles, primarily through the Usenet network. It's essentially a TCP/IP protocol that allows newsgroups, which are digital forums for text message exchange, to share information. 

• Purpose:

  NNTP facilitates the sharing of news articles between news servers and news clients, enabling users to read and post messages in Usenet. 

• Usenet:

  Usenet is a network of interconnected news servers where users can participate in discussions on various topics. 

• How it works:

  NNTP uses port 119 for communication between servers and clients. News articles are transferred from one server to another, and then retrieved by clients using the protocol. 

• Legacy of NNTP:

  Before the widespread use of the internet, Usenet was an important platform for information sharing, and NNTP was the primary protocol for that purpose. 

• Modern relevance:

  While modern forums and email lists have largely replaced Usenet for many purposes, NNTP still has some niche uses, especially for accessing older archives or specific newsgroups. 

SET

Secure Electronic Transaction

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a protocol used to secure credit card transactions over the internet, developed by VISA and MasterCard. It uses a combination of digital certificates, digital signatures, and encryption to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of online transactions.