29 - etabolism of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) – structure and metabolic functions. Synthesis and biological role of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, resolvins, etc. Steroid and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs, NSAIDs) – mechanism of action.

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5 Terms

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  • synthesis of eicosanoids

  • PUFAS (polyunsaturated fatty acids)

  • drugs affecting eicosanoid pathways

  • eicosanoids derived from PUFAS

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  • synthesis of eicosanoids

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  • PUFAS (polyunsaturated fatty acids)

  • Essential PUFAs:

    • Linoleic acid (omega-6)

    • α-Linolenic acid (omega-3)

  • Structure: Long hydrocarbon chains with multiple double bonds

  • Functions:

    • Precursor for eicosanoids (prostaglandins, etc.)

    • Important for brain, retina, inflammation, and membrane fluidity

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  • drugs affecting eicosanoid pathways

  • NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

    • e.g. Aspirin, Ibuprofen

    • Inhibit COX enzymes → block PG and TX synthesis

  • SAIDs (Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

    • e.g. Cortisol, Prednisone

    • Inhibit phospholipase A2 → block release of arachidonic acid

    • Also ↓ COX-2 expression

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  • eicosanoids derived from PUFAS

  • Prostaglandins (PGs)

    • Role: Inflammation, pain, fever, vasodilation

  • Thromboxanes (TXs)

    • Role: Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction

  • Leukotrienes (LTs)

    • Role: Bronchoconstriction, inflammation (esp. asthma)

  • Resolvins

    • Role: Anti-inflammatory resolution phase

    • Derived from omega-3 PUFAs