Zool 325 Lab Quiz I : Key terms

Basal Chordates and the integument -- Superficial thoracic muscles

What is the function of the eyespot?

Light sensitive organ

What is the function of the Buccal Cirri?

Excludes large particles from entering the pharynx

What is the rostrum?

The anterior tip of the animal

What is the function of the Wheel Organ?

It creates a moving water current into the pharynx

What is the function of the Pharynx with bars and slits?

It is ciliated to trap particles and move them dorsally

What is the function of the Nerve Cord?

It is a component of the nervous system

What is the function of the Notochord?

It provides rigidity to the longnitudinal axis

What is the function of the Photoreceptors (aka Ocellus//Ocelli)?

They are light sensitive organs

What is the function of the Myomeres?

They are locomotory muscles

What is the function of the Hepatic diverticulum?

It produces some digestive enzymes

What is the Hepatic diverticulum homologous to?

The Liver and or Pancreas

What is the function of the Atrium?

It is the body chamber housing the organs

What is the function of the Atriopore?

For water explusion

What is the function of the Intestine?

Digestion

What is the function of the Anus?

Waste explusion

What is the function of the Epibrachial groove?

It moves food particles from the pharynx to the gut

What is the function of the Ovaries and Testes?

Reproduction

What is the function of the endostyle?

Mucous lining in the pharynx to trap particles

It also binds iodine and produces iodine compounds

Which phylum and subphylum does the Amphioxus belong to?

Chordata

Cephalochordata

What is homologous to the endostyle?

Subpharyngeal gland &

Thyroid gland

What is the function of the incurrent vs excurrent siphon?

Incurrent = water / food intake

Excurrent = water / waste explusion

What is the function of the adhesive organs // papillae?

Used to attach to substrate

What is the function of the statocyst//otolith?

It is a balance organ

What is the function of the ascidian tail?

Propulsion

What is the function of the oral papillae?

Sensory structures that also strain food particles

T/F the eye is thought to be non-functional in the larval lamprey?

True

What is the function of the gill pouches?

They house lamellae

What is the function of the spinal chord?

It is a key component of the nervous system

Which phylum and subphylum do ascidians, tunicates // sea squirts belong to?

Phylum = Chordata

Subphylum = Urochordata

What phylum and subphylum do lampreys (ammocoetes) belong to?

Phylum = Chordata

Subphylum = Vertebrata

What is the function of the gill lamaellae?

Respiration and filter feeding

What is the function of the hyperpharyngeal ridge?

Moves food particles from the pharynx to gut

What is the function of placoid scales?

Protection and drag reduction

What is the function of the chromatophores?

They produce pigment

What is the function of the Arrectores plumarum muscle?

It adjusts feather position

What is the function of the Arrector pilli muscle?

Adjusts hair position

What is the urostyle of frogs?

A long splint like extention of the vertebral column posterior to the single sacal vertebra

What is the synsacrum? (of birds)

An element created from the fusion of some thoracic, all lumbar, sacral and some caudal vertebrae

what is the pygostyle? (of birds)

The fusion of several caudal vertebrae

What is a carapace vs plastron in Turtles?

Carapace = dorsal covering; fusion of trunk, sacral vertebrae, ribs and dermal bones

Plastron = ventral covering; fusion of dermal bones

What is the homology to the Palatoquadrate in shark?

Quadrate in bony fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds

Incus in mammals

What is the homology to the Meckels cartilage in Sharks?

Articular = amphibians, reptiles and birds

Malleus = mammals

What is the homology to the Hyomandibular cartilage in fish?

Columella/Stapes = amphibians, reptiles and birds

Stapes = mammals

What is the homology to the brachial cartilage from arches II and III in sharks?

The hyoid in mammals

What is the homology to the Angular in bon fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds?

The Tympanic bulla in mammals

What is the function of the Pectoantebrachialis and Pectoralis minor and Xiphihumeralis?

They all draw the forelimb towards the midline

What is the function of the Pectoralis major?

It draws the forelimb towards the midline and it turns the manus forward

What is the homology to the superficial thoracic ventral muscles of the cat?

The pectoral fin adductor in sharks

What is the function of the Latissimus dorsi?

Pulls the forelimb dorsocaudally

What is the function of the Spinotrapezius?

It pulls the scapula dorsally and caudally

What is the function of the Acromiotrapezius?

It adducts and stabilizes the scalpula

What is the function of the Clacotrapezius?

It protracts the Humerus

What is the function of the Spinodeltoid?

It retracts the humerus and rotates it laterally

What is the function of the Acromiodeltoid?

It retracts the humerus and rotates it laterally

What is the function of the Levator Scapulae Ventralis?

It pulls the scapula cranially

What is the function of the Clavobrachialis?

It flexes the forearm

What superficial thoracic // shoulder muscles in the dorsal view are homologous to the pectoral fin abductor in sharks?

Latissimus dorsi

Spinodeltoid & Acromodeltoid

Clavobrachialis

What superficial thoracic // shoulder muscles in the dorsal view are homologous to the Cucullaris in sharks?

The spinotrapezius, acromiotrapezius and clavotrapezius

What feature in the shark is homologous to the levator scalpulae ventralis?

The hypaxial muscularture