Race and Ethnicity final quiz prep

all of em

According to racial formation theory, which of the following best illustrates how the dominant group historically maintained racial boundaries in the United States?

Implementing the one-drop rule to classify individuals with any African ancestry as Black

Why does hyper-selectivity complicate traditional measures of assimilation for Asian Americans?

It creates an illusion of assimilation by importing educational advantages from the country of origin

What is the primary difference between xenophobia and ethnocentrism?

Xenophobia is fear or dislike of what is perceived as foreign, while ethnocentrism is judging other cultures using one’s own cultural standards

What is a key critique of framing racial inequality through “love discourse”?

It depoliticizes racial inequality by reducing it to personal feelings

Which of the following best illustrates an intersectional stigma faced by LGBTQ+ Latinx youth?

Navigating structural racism, gender policing, and anti-LGBTQ+ religious messages simultaneously

What explains Hispanic health paradox?

Ethnic enclaves provide social support and protective networks.

What does the concept of “street race” emphasize in the multi-dimensional race framework?

How others quickly and unconsciously assign your race based on visible and social cues like last name, accent, and appearance.

Which term refers to the stereotype that Asian Americans, such as Chinese Americans, are highly successful in education and employment, even though this perception can mask discrimination and limit access to top positions?

Model Minority

What is one similarity between Latinx and Asian Americans regarding racial categorization?

Both groups experience contested racial identities because external classification often does not match how they self-identify.

Which statement about prejudice faced by some Asian Americans is inaccurate?

The prejudice-related stress majorly affects the shorter life expectancy among Asians more than that among Native Americans.

What has been one of the main reasons Mexican immigrants have migrated to the United States over the past century?

To pursue economic opportunities, often shaped by labor demands and wage conditions in the U.S.

Which of the following best describes the unique immigration and citizenship status of Puerto Ricans in the United States?

Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens but do not have full voting rights in federal elections unless they reside in a U.S. state.

Which of the following statements about Puerto Rican migration to the U.S. mainland is inaccurate?

Hurricane Maria in 2017 slowed migration from Puerto Rico, as many residents stayed to help with reconstruction efforts.

Which Latin American American group has a long history of migration to the U.S. that is closely tied to Cold War tensions between capitalism and socialism?

Cuban

Which of the following best describes the difference between the "whitening" and "browning" theses regarding racial composition in the United States?

Whitening suggests assimilation into whiteness, while browning emphasizes the growing influence of Latinx and other non-white populations.

How does the Sioux experience in U.S. boarding schools complicate the conception of acculturation as a pathway to upward mobility?

Acculturation was enforced through cultural suppression.

Which of the following best explains the current climate regarding the use of Native American mascots in sports?

They are criticized for perpetuating stereotypes.

Which of the following statements about Native American economic development is inaccurate? 

All Native American tribes have equal access to land, resources, and legal frameworks that support economic growth.

What is one reason Genetic Ancestry Testing (GAT) may be viewed with caution by some Native American communities?

It may be associated with past abuses in biomedical research, such as forced sterilizations and unethical genetic studies.

What is the concept of "blood quantum" primarily used for in the context of tribal citizenship?

To determine eligibility for tribal membership

Which of the following statements about the War on Drugs is inaccurate? 

It mainly arrested people involved in large-scale drug sales rather than simple possession.

Which of the following statements about racial profiling and Black Americans’ experiences with policing is inaccurate?

Black officers tend to overlook structural problems in policing just as white officers do.

According to Alondra Nelson, Ivy League universities led reconciliation projects. Which of the following statements about their historical background is inaccurate?

Although slavery shaped the institutions, many students and professors were outspoken critics of it during the early American period.

The use of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in the reconciliation projects of elite universities helps us understand the relationship between African Americans and biology because: 

They cultivate new identities grounded in genealogical discovery

According to Alondra Nelson, what risk arises when African Americans use direct-to-consumer genetic tests for family or reconciliation projects?

Their genetic data can be commercialized or used in surveillance without their control

Which concept best explains the situation of how rage, gender, and class intersect in shaping feelings of other groups? For instance, school administrators often perceive Black boys as overly masculine and threatening, requiring surveillance, while viewing Black girls as insufficiently feminine, loud, and needing to be reshaped into more compliant individuals?

Matrix of Domination

Which of the following statements best reflects the concept of intersectionality?

Individuals may simultaneously hold both privileged and marginalized social positions.

Which of the following best reflects the concept of standpoint theory?

shared experiences within marginalized groups can generate collective knowledge that challenges dominant perspectives.

Which of the following statements is inaccurate according to Patricia Hill Collins’ concept of race-class intersectionality?

Race-class group formation is primarily organized through shared social units like families and churches, encouraging solidarity across race and class lines.

Which of the following statements is inaccurate according to Patricia Hill Collins’ critique of 'oppression talk'?

Oppression talk reflects that all marginalized groups experience the same structural effects.

According to segmented assimilation theory, how does racial hierarchy affect immigrant assimilation in the U.S.? 

Immigrants assimilate into different social segments based on race and class

According to DuBois, what is a key difference between African Americans and Southern white individuals when addressing the socioeconomic conditions of African Americans? 

African Americans focus on race prejudice as the problem, while Southern whites problematizes African American communities.

Which hardship does DuBois describe as prevalent among African Americans?

Economic exploitation and social exclusion

How does Bonilla-Silva counter Martin Luther King Jr.’s vision of a colorblind society?

By showing that ignoring race sustains racial inequality

What does the contrast between Black Bike Week and Myrtle Beach reveal?

That racialized treatment of public space persists

According to Gordon’s stages of assimilation, which of the following represents the highest level of assimilation in the United States?

Migrants marry US people.

Which of the following is not an accurate description of modern racism compared to old-fashioned racism?

Both heavily rely on biological traits to justify racial hierarchy

Which of the following correctly matches a level of racism with its description in the context of racial health disparities?

Institutional – Unequal access to healthcare due to national policy gaps

Which of the following is not an accurate example of how 'racially neutral' organizational rules can reproduce racism?

A judge applies sentencing guidelines that disproportionately affect Black defendants

Which of the following is not an accurate description of systemic racism?

It focuses on individual attitudes and interpersonal bias across communities

What is the key legal difference between a refugee and an asylum seeker?

Refugees have been granted official protection, while asylum seekers are still awaiting a legal decision

Refugees are undocumented immigrants

false

How does the dual labor market theory differ from the world systems theory in explaining migration patterns? 

Dual labor market theory explains migration through labor demands in receiving countries, while world systems theory examines global economic structures and historical exploitation

What does the shift from legal temporary labor (e.g., H-2 visa workers) to undocumented labor in U.S. agriculture suggest?

Employers often choose undocumented labor to avoid complex legal hiring procedures

In the New Economics of Migration Theory, why might a household send a member abroad?

To improve household security through remittances

How Not To Talk About Race And Genetics: When geneticists compare Northern and Southern Europeans, what is the sociological caution?

Small genetic differences exist, but social stereotypes about work ethic are products of history and culture.

How Not To Talk About Race And Genetics: What does the example of sickle cell disease illustrate about the relationship between race and biology?

It is linked to regions with malaria, showing environment and geography shape genetic traits beyond racial categories

How Not To Talk About Race And Genetics: What broader lesson do the authors emphasize about the use of racial categories in genetics research?

Genetic variation is important, but it does not follow racial lines; categories are shaped by history, politics, and environment

How Not To Talk About Race And Genetics: What point is illustrated by the hypothetical comparison of Red Sox fans and Yankees fans’ DNA?

Statistically significant genetic variation can be found between any arbitrary groups, but that does not make them separate races

How Not To Talk About Race And Genetics: According to the 67 scholars’ letter, what is the main flaw in David Reich’s understanding of race?

He treats social categories of race as if they directly map onto biological categories