HUGE ch 12 quizlet

1. Nike, headquartered in Oregon, employs 20,000 people in that state. What percentage are employed in shoe manufacture/assembly? a) 90 b) 5 c) 25 d) 0

d) 0

2. In 1925, one area of Boston had sales offices for over _____ shoe factories. a) 300 b) 100 c) 25 d) 3

a) 300

3. In the early eighteenth century, British textiles were manufactured ​​ a) in India. b) early rural factories. c) in large urban factories. d) in homes on hand looms.

c) in large urban factories.

4. Who actually laid the groundwork for the colonial expansion of Europe? a) the British Government b) the French Government c) Europe's commercial companies d) Europe's military forces

c) Europe's commercial companies

5. The first power source of the Industrial Revolution was ​​​ a) foot pedals and running water. b) steam engines. c) electricity. d) windmills.

a) foot pedals and running water.

6. Burning coal in a near vacuum produced a much hotter burning, pure carbon fuel called: a) super coal. b) coke. c) charcoal. d) Bessemer fuel.

b) coke.

7. The first railroad in England was opened in ​​​ a) 1750. b) 1800. c) 1825. d) 1875.

c) 1825.

8. England not only held a monopoly over products that were in world demand at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, but also a monopoly on ​​​ a) international transportation. b) the sources of raw materials. c) the skill necessary to make the machines that manufactured the products. d) all available labor.

c) the skill necessary to make the machines that manufactures the products.

9. In Britain, the proximity of what three things gave an unsurpassed advantage to the development of early industry? a) forests for charcoal, domestic markets, and iron ores b) coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports c) an internal railroad system, cotton for textiles, and domestic markets d) good highways, coal fields, and coastal ports

b) coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports

10. Regarding capital flows to Europe in 1775, Lisbon is to S. America and Asia as ____________ is to the Caribbean and S. America. a) London b) Bordeaux c) Cadiz d) Nantes

c) Cadiz

11. Industry diffusing to Western Europe involved, as in Britain, the locational criteria: coalfields, water communication, and ____________ a) iron ore. b) markets. c) labor. d) ports.

d) ports.

12. Saxony is to Germany in the 1860s as ____________ is to Ukraine and Russia in the 1880s. a) Austria b) the Donbas c) the Black Sea d) Selesia

b) the Donbas

13. The Ruhr industrial area is connected to its port by ​​​ a) railroads. b) cart roads. c) Rhine River. d) North Sea.

c) Rhine River.

14. Some industrial regions emerge because of their raw materials combinations. Which of the following is not an example of such a region? a) the Ruhr b) Saxony c) the Donbas d) London

d) London

15. The relocation of industry to cities like Paris and London was facilitated by ​​​ a) their location in coalfields. b) government grants. c) low cost of urban labor. d) development of railroads.

d) development of railroads.

16. Which of the four classifications of economic activity must locate where the resources are found? a) secondary b) tertiary c) primary d) quaternary

c) primary

17. The increase in time and cost with distance is referred to as ​​​ a) production costs. b) distribution costs. c) friction of distance. d) distance decay.

c) friction of distance.

18. The zone of probability for a business is marked by: ​​​ a) low income and low cost. b) low income and high cost. c) high income and low cost. d) high income and high cost.

c) high income and low cost.

19. When Alfred Weber published his book Theory of the Location of Industries (1909), what did he select as the critical determinant of regional industrial location? a) availability of labor b) nearby markets c) costs of labor d) transportation costs

d) transportation costs

20. If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in, or move to, the same area the factor is called ​​​ a) cluster. b) focus. c) agglomeration. d) intensity.

c) agglomeration.

21. Hotelling's location analysis emphasized the role of ​​​ a) locational interdependence. b) raw materials. c) labor. d) markets.

a) locational interdependence.

22. Industrialization occurred along an axis from Northern France through North-Central Germany to Czech Republic and South Poland. This axis correlates with________ as a locational factor. a) population b) coalfields c) major ports d) the trend of the drainage system

b) coalfields

23. In 2005, China, Japan, the United States, Russia, and South Korea were the five top producers of ___________ a) coal. b) titanium. c) steel. d) airplanes.

c) steel

24. In the United States, most interstate oil pipelines originate: ​​​​​ a) in Pennsylvania. b) in New Mexico. c) along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas and Louisiana. d) in the Appalachian Mountains.

c) along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas and Louisiana.

25. The Rust Belt is to the United States as the ___________ is to China. a) Kanto Plain b) Shanghai Basin c) Northeast District d) Nanchang Region

c) Northeast District

26. Europe's greatest industrial complex is ​​​ a) the Ruhr. b) British Midlands. c) Silesia. d) Berlin.

a) the Ruhr.

27. Saxony (Leipzig and Dresden) emphasize this type of manufacturing: ​​ a) chemical. b) heavy industry. c) food processing. d) light industry (e.g. optics and ceramics).

d) light industry (e.g. optics and ceramics).

28. Manufacturing in North America began in _____ as early as late colonial times. a) New York b) Boston c) Philadelphia d) New England

d) New England

29. Raw materials play an important role in industrial location. In the northeastern United States, what is the orientation of this industry? a) in the mountains where the iron ore is located b) in the interior for good rail connections c) along major rivers for a water supply d) along the coast to facilitate imports of iron ore

d) along the coast to facilitate imports of iron ore

30. New York City, like other large urban centers with great ports, is called a break of bulk location because ​​​ a) plentiful labor is available to unload massive cargo ships. b) markets are readily available for shipped goods. c) large dock warehouses are available where goods can be stored until sold. d) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another.

d) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another.

31. Although no match for Canada's Ontario industrial district, the one great advantage of the Montreal area is ​​​ a) a location between Canadian and U.S. industrial areas. b) location on the Saint Lawrence Seaway. c) cheap hydroelectric power. d) development of specialty manufacturing such as optical products and cameras.

c) cheap hydroelectric power.

32. Canada's industrial southern Ontario links two parts of the U.S. Manufacturing Belt: Buffalo and ​​​ a) Cleveland. b) Detroit. c) Chicago. d) Pittsburgh

b) Detroit.

33. This area is one of Russia's oldest manufacturing centers. a) Ukraine b) Volga c) Urals d) St. Petersburg

d) St. Petersburg

34. After World War I, this region produced about 90 percent of the coal needed to help the then Soviet Union industrialize. a) Krivoy Rog b) Siberia c) Ukraine d) Kuzbas

c) Ukraine

35. Russia's "Detroit" southeast of Moscow: ​​ a) Kiev. b) St. Petersburg. c) Nizhni Novgorod. d) Rostov.

c) Nizhni Novgorod.

36. In which major world manufacturing country does industry not lie near sources of raw material? a) China b) Japan c) India d) the United States

b) Japan

37. Japan became the world's second largest economy with ½ of the population of the United States and _____ of the land area. a)1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/12 d) 1/25

d) 1/25

38. Japan's dominant industrial region is ​​​ a) Kitakyushu. b) Toyama. c) Kanto Plain. d) Kansai.

c) Kanto Plain.

39. The Kansai district is found along _____________, Japan's major waterway. a) the Sea of Japan b) the Seto Inland Sea c) the Tokyo-Yokohama Canal d) the Edo-gawa (River)

b) the Seto Inland Sea

40. Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as: ​​​ a) Fordist. b) manufacturing. c) global production. d) mass production.

a) Fordist.

41. Fast, flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as: ​​​ a) Fordist. b) post-Fordist. c) socialist. d) colonial production.

b) post-Fordist.

42. The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is ​​​ a) technical design. b) labor-intensive. c) low-labor needs. d) high-tech.

b) labor-intensive.

43. By 1990, the only American company that was making color television sets was ​​​ a) Motorola. b) Zenith. c) General Electric. d) Toshiba.

b) Zenith.

44. In 2008, Saudi Arabia and _____________ were the world's two largest oil producers. a) Iran b) Iraq c) Mexico d) Russia

d) Russia

45. Television research and design takes place in the ​​​ a) core area. b) periphery. c) semi-periphery. d) universities of India and China.

a) core area.

46. During the 1970s, U.S. television manufacturers began to move productions "offshore" to places such as special zones on the Mexican border called ​​​ a) industrial cities. b) peripheral production zones. c) technopoles. d) maquiladoras.

d) maquiladoras.

47. Current amounts of goods and resources moving in the global system would be impossible without the invention of ​​​ a) aircraft. b) container systems. c) bulk cargo ships. d) railroads.

b) container systems.

48. Over 50% of the goods entering Europe come through two ports in ​​​ a) Luxembourg. b) Belgium. c) Netherlands. d) Germany.

c) Netherlands.

49. Which country is almost completely dependent upon imported oil/natural gas? a) Netherlands b) Russia c) United States d) Japan

d) Japan

50. U.S. oil reserves are estimated to be ____% of the world's total. a) 25 b) 18 c) 8 d) 4

d) 4

51. Between 1940 and the early 1960s, China's industrial growth was aided by ​​​ a) Soviet planners. b) the location of raw materials. c) improved transportation. d) the distribution of the work force.

a) Soviet planners.

52. China's "Pittsburgh" is ​​​ a) Shenyang. b) Shanghai. c) Hong Kong. d) Beijing.

a) Shenyang.

53. The second largest industrial district in China developed around _______, China's largest city. a) Beijing b) Shanghai c) Tianjin d) Xianggang

b) Shanghai

54. Service industries are commonly referred to as _____ industries. a) tertiary b) secondary c) quaternary d) quinary

a) tertiary

55. People working in the ___________ sector of economic activity tend to have high levels of specialized knowledge or technical skills. a) quaternary b) tertiary c) secondary d) primary

a) quaternary

56. The most important locational factor for the service sector is ​​​ a) energy. b) transportation. c) market. d) labor.

c) market.

57. Fayetteville, Arkansas has become a ________________ because of Wal-Mart. a) break-of-bulk point b) techno pole c) growth pole d) the most polluted city in America

c) growth pole

58. Technopoles, a collection of high-technology industries, can be found in a number of countries. Which of the following is not a region containing one of these countries? a) Eastern Asia b) Africa c) Australia d) North America

b) Africa

59. High-technology corridors have sprung up in the global economic core. The resulting collection of high-tech industries has been called a technopole with the best known being California's "Silicon Valley." A similar concentration has appeared around the city of ______________ in the eastern United States. a) New York b) Philadelphia c) Richmond d) Boston

d) Boston

60. Technopoles tend to locate near ​​​ a) raw materials. b) cheap labor. c) electricity supplies. d) centers of research and development (major research universities).

d) centers of research and development (major research universities).