dofka dental terminology chapter 11

tooth appearance

Darker, rough-surface, pitted teeth may receive bleaching, whitening, resin surface application, veneer coverings, or crowns

spacing and alignment

gaps in front teeth, peg-shaped teeth, overlapping teeth, and out of line teeth may receive bonding, veneers, crowns, surgical frenectomies, and orthodontic care

smile harmony and balance

chipped teeth, gummy smiles, tooth length, and uneven papillae may receive bonding, surgical contouring, or gingival augmentation

missing and decayed teeth

may receive restorations, inlays, onlays, crowns, implants, bridges, or partial dentures

commercial smile enhancer

sometimes called "Hollywood smile" has been developed for total cosmetic use. Snap-on Smile is a full arch covering that can be placed on and off the teeth by the patient

intrinsic

from within

extrinsic

from without

shade guide

handheld device with assorted and numbered tooth-shaded forms that are compared to the incisal two-thirds of the patient's incisors

model impression

a reproduction of the patient's teeth is made into a plaster/stone study model

tray fabrication

a plastic or celluloid tray is made to fit the study model cast and will be used to carry and hold chemicals for lightening

gingival isolation

painting or covering the patient's gingival areas with a liquid dam (mask) material to isolate the tissues from chemical damage

tooth bleaching

techniques and equipment vary according to the degree of lightening desired and the manufacturers recommendations and instructions that differ in chemical strength and application methods

acid brush

35% phosphoric acid solution applied to surface, particularly to tetracycline band lines on surface

tray method

gel, or paste filled tray placed into the mouth over cleaned tooth surfaces

gel application

a whitening gel containing a hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide formula is applied directly to cleaned, isolated tooth surfaces, and may or may not be activated by bleaching, laser, or curing lights

laser activation

isolation of tissues, cleansing of tooth surfaces, and application of protective tissue covering and bleaching gel

pen tip painting

some commercial manufacturers have developed a pen that may be purchased at the drug store and used at home to paint the surfaces for whiter teeth

tooth desensitization

following bleaching, a desensitizing liquid, paste, or gel applied to tooth surfaces seals dentin tubules to minimize discomfort and reduce shade relapse

tooth bonding

involves applying a composite material that is mixed to a pliable dough form

veneer application

a thin fabricated resin or porcelain cover is applied to the prepared tooth surface

direct veneer application

methods that can usually be completed in one visit

indirect veneer application (requires two visits)

at the first visit, the teeth are prepared by removing a small amount of enamel tissue. an impression is taken for fabrication of the porcelain veneers or laminates and sent to the laboratory

tooth restoration

prepared tooth receiving white composite restorative material, instead of metallic amalgam or gold

inlay

a solid-casted or milled restoration, involving some occlusal and proximal surfaces, that is cemented into a tooth preparation

onlay

a solid-casted or milled restoration that covers some occlusal tooth cusp and side wall area and is cemented onto the prepared site

tooth crowns

covering the crown surfaces of the tooth with artificial coverings

full crown

cast or milled restoration covering the entire crown area of a tooth

three-quarter crown

cast or milled restoration covering all surfaces except the facial view

porcelain fused to metal crown

full cast crown restoration with porcelain facing on exposed areas for cosmetic appearance

jacket crown

thin metal cover with a porcelain facing for an anterior tooth

mucogingival surgery

can be preformed as a treatment for diseased tissue or as a method to enhance the patients smile

crown lengthening

exposing more tooth surface to eliminate a "gummy smile"

gingival contouring

removing excessive tissue to obtain symmetry of the gingival crest

exposing unerupted teeth

removal of coronal tissue to expose tooth surface, such as slowly emerging mandibular third molars

enlarged labial frenum

condition where thick or enlarged labial frenum presents tissue growth between the mesial of central incisors, causing a space gap

soft tissue grafting

transplanting mouth tissue from nearby gingival tissue or from the palate area to other sites

interdental papilla regeneration

replacing papilla tissue in intradental spaces

gingival recession

restoring the gingival crest to a natural height

pocket depth reduction

eliminating the pocket area and restoring the gingiva

exposed roots covering

replacing gingival tissue over exposed roots

ridge augmentation

building up gingiva and bone tissue in collapsed areas resulting from tooth extraction

osseointegration

union of the bone with the implant device

root form implant-endosseous

within the alveolar bone

plate form implant

used for the narrow jawbone; flat-plate style

subperiosteal implant

implant plate or frame extending through the jawbone

transosteal implant

larger plate stabilized on the lower border of the mandibular bone with posts extending through the gingiva

AOO treatment

is a surgical orthodontic approach requiring a team of specialists trained in this procedure

rectification

selective removal of interproximal tooth tissue of multiple teeth

osteopenia

lack of bone tissue

invisalign

an orthodontic polyurethane tray method for tooth alignment using a series of clear, preformed, custom trays that apply pressure for tooth movement

orthodontic enamoplasty

removing small amounts of enamel walls to acquire enough room to cause a slight correction movement; usually preformed in a small area or trouble spot

lingual banding

placement of brackets and bands on the lingual tooth surfaces so they are not easily viewed