Leg & Foot

Lateral surface of shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane

Tibialis anterior origin

Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal bone

Tibialis anterior insertion

Deep peroneal nerve

Tibialis anterior nerve

Extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; holds up medial longitudinall arch of foot

Tibialis anterior action

Anterior surface of shaft of fibula

Extensor digitorum longus origin

Extensor expansion of lateral four toes

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

Deep peroneal nerve

Extensor digitorum longus nerve

Extends toes; extends foot at ankle joint

Extensor digitorum longus action

Anterior surface of shaft of fibula

Peroneus tertius origin

Base of fifth metatarsal bone

Peroneus tertius insertion

Deep peroneal nerve

Peroneus tertius nerve

Extends foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Peroneus tertius action

Anterior surface of shaft of fibula

Extensor hallucis longus origin

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Extensor hallucis longus insertion

Deep peroneal nerve

Extensor hallucis longus nerve

Extends big toe; extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Extensor hallucis longus action

Calcaneum

Extensor digitorum brevis origin

By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to second, third, and fourth toes

Extensor digitorum brevis insertion

Deep peroneal nerve

Extensor digitorum brevis nerve

Extends toes

Extensor digitorum brevis action

Lateral surface of shaft of fibula

Peroneus longus origin

Base of first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform

Peroneus longus insertion

Superficial peroneal nerve

Peroneus longus nerve

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot

Peroneus longus action

Lateral surface of shaft of fibula

Peroneus brevis origin

Base of fifth metatarsal bone

Peroneus brevis insertion

Superficial peroneal nerve

Peroneus brevis nerve

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joint; supports lateral longitudinal arch of foot

Peroneus brevis action

Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur and medial head from above medial condyle

Gastrocnemius origin

Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum

Gastrocnemius insertion

Tibial nerve

Gastrocnemius nerve

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes knee joint

Gastrocnemius action

Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

Plantaris origin

Posterior surface of calcaneum

Plantaris insertion

Tibial nerve

Plantaris nerve

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes knee joint

Plantaris action

Shafts of tibia and fibula

Soleus origin

Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum

Soleus insertion

Tibial nerve

Soleus nerve

Together with gastrocnemius and plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of ankle joint; provides main propulsive force in walking and running

Soleus action

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

Popliteus origin

Posterior surface of shaft of tibia above soleal line

Popliteus insertion

Tibial nerve

Popliteus nerve

Flexes leg at knee joint; unlocks knee joint by lateral rotation of femur on tibia and slackens ligaments of joint

Popliteus action

Posterior surface of shaft of tibia

Flexor digitorum longus origin

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes

Flexor digitorum longus insertion

Tibial nerve

Flexor digitorum longus nerve

Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot

Flexor digitorum longus action

Posterior surface of shaft of fibula

Flexor hallucis longus origin

Base of distal phalanx of big toe

Flexor hallucis longus insertion

Tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus nerve

Flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Flexor hallucis longus action

Posterior surface of shafts of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane

Tibialis posterior origin

Tuberosity of navicular bone and other neighboring bones

Tibialis posterior insertion

Tibial nerve

Tibialis posterior nerve

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Tibialis posterior action

Medial tuberosity of calcaneum and flexor retinaculum

Abductor hallucis origin

Base of proximal phalanx of big toe

Abductor hallucis insertion

Medial plantar nerve

Abductor hallucis nerve

Flexes and abducts big toe; braces medial longitudinal arch

Abductor hallucis action

Medial tubercle of calcaneum

Flexor digitorum brevis origin

Four tendons to four lateral toes inserted into borders of middle phalanx; tendons perforated by those of flexor digitorum longus

Flexor digitorum brevis insertion

Medial plantar nerve

Flexor digitorum brevis nerve

Flexes lateral four toes; braces medial and lateral longitudinal arches

Flexor digitorum brevis action

Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneum

Abductor digiti minimi origin

Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe

Abductor digiti minimi insertion

Lateral plantar nerve

Abductor digiti minimi nerve

Flexes and abducts fifth toe; braces lateral longitudinal arch

Abductor digiti minimi action

Medial and lateral sides of calcaneum

Quadratus plantae origin

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Quadratus plantae insertion

Lateral plantar nerve

Quadratus plantae nerve

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four toes

Quadratus plantae action

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Lumbricals (4) origin

Dorsal extensor expansion; bases of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes

Lumbricals (4) insertion

First lumbrical: medial plantar nerve;

remainder: lateral plantar nerve

Lumbricals (4) nerve

Extends toes at interphalangeal joints

Lumbricals (4) action

Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior insertion

Flexor hallucis brevis origin

Medial tendon into medial side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe;

lateral tendon into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

Flexor hallucis brevis insertion

Medial plantar nerve

Flexor hallucis brevis nerve

Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; supports medial longitudinal arch

Flexor hallucis brevis action

Oblique head bases of second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones

transverse head from plantar ligaments

Adductor hallucis origin

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

Adductor hallucis insertion

Deep branch lateral plantar nerve

Adductor hallucis nerve

Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; holds together metatarsal bones

Adductor hallucis action

Base of fifth metatarsal bone

Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion

Lateral plantar nerve

Flexor digiti minimi brevis nerve

Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe

Flexor digiti minimi brevis action

Adjacent sides of metatarsal bones

Dorsal (4) Interossei origin

Bases of proximal phalanges

first: medial side of second toe;

remainder: lateral sides of second, third, and fourth toes also dorsal extensor expansion

Dorsal (4) Interossei insertion

Lateral plantar nerve

Dorsal (4) Interossei nerve

Abduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

Dorsal (4) Interossei action

Inferior surfaces of third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones

Plantar (3) Interossei origin

Medial side of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral three toes

Plantar (3) Interossei insertion

Lateral plantar nerve

Plantar (3) Interossei nerve

Adduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

Plantar (3) Interossei action

Anterior part of upper surface of the calcaneum and from the inferior extensor retinaculum

Extensor digitorum brevis origin

By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to second, third, and fourth toes

Extensor digitorum brevis insertion

Deep peroneal nerve

Extensor digitorum brevis nerve

Extends toes

Extensor digitorum brevis action