unit 2 bacteria, their secretion systems and toxins

streptococcus spp

* complement a/b inactivation
* m2 protein helps to destroy complementary proteins
* gram positive
* has a type 4 pilus

neisseria spp.

* encapsulation
* capsule impairs phagoctyosis by limiting white blood cell attachment
* gram negative
* uses type 4 secretion
* has a type 4 pilus

yersinia spp

* gram negative
* interference with signaling
* injects virulence factors via type 3 secretion to prevent ingestion

salmonella spp

* gram negative
* impaired maturation
* injects virulence factors via type 3 secretion to prevent lysosome fusion with the phagosome
* cephalotrichous or peritrichous

mycobacteria spp

* survival
* waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes
* acid fast

shigella spp

* gram negative
* escape cell to cell spread
* injects virulence factors via type 3 secretion system to escape and spread

streptococcus pyogenes

* gram positive
* causes necrotizing fasciitis and rhuematic fever
* both direct and indirect methods of damage to the host

endotoxins

lipid a - component of the cell wall

lipid a

* comes from gram negative bacteria LPS
* causes sepsis

exotoxins

* membrane disrupting toxins - hemolysins and leukocidins
* a-b toxins
* secondary-messenger toxins

staphylococcus aureus

* contains hemolysins and leukocidins
* uses types 1,3,4, and 6 secretion systems

corynebacterium dihtheriae

* gram positive
* has a-b toxins
* has diphtheriae toxin

clostridium tetani

* gram positive
* has tetanus toxin
* has a-b toxins
* causes muscles to contract indefinitely

clostridium botulinum

* gram positive
* has a-b toxins and botulism toxins
* causes an inability to contract

bacillus antracis

* gram positive
* has secondary messenger toxin and anthrax toxin
* disrupts the immune system pathways

bordetella pertusis

* gram negative
* has secondary messenger toxins and pertussis toxin
* disrupts immune system pathways
* has a type 4 pilus

vibrio cholerae

* gram negative
* has secondary messenger toxins and cholera toxin
* disrupts osmotic balance in the intestines
* monotrichous
* uses type 6 secretion system

campylobacter spp.

* gram positive
* can be either monotrichous or amphitrichous

helicobacter pylori

* gram negative
* lophotrichous

e. coli

* gram negative
* peritrichous
* uses all four secretion systems
* has fimbriae

treponema pallidum

* gram negative
* a diderm!

chlamydia trachomatis

* gram negative
* uses type 3 secretion system

pseudomonas aeruginosa

* gram negative
* uses type 6 secretion system

acinetobacter baumannii

* also called “iraqibacteri”
* has a type 4 pilus

enterotoxigenic e.coli

* non-invasive, produces toxins
* travelers diarrhea

enteroaggregative e.coli

* non-invasive but forms aggregates/toxins
* acute or chronic diarrhea

enteropathogenic e.coli

* moderately invasive, doesn’t produce toxins
* diarrhea in newborns

enteroinvasive e.coli

* highly invasive, produces toxins
* causes dysentery and fever

enterhemorrhagic e.coli

* moderately invasive, produces toxins
* causes dysentery and hemorrhagic hemolytic-uremic syndrome