1 - Applied Biostats

Basis of Biostats

use a toolset for us to collect data, describe it & make educated guesses from it/hypothesize

• null hypothesis statistical testing

Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing (NHST)

is a method used in statistics to determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis, typically positing no effect or relationship between variables.

Main Things to Consdier

• how to best address question (observing or doing experiment), how we convert something into a stat

• what data is being collected (count, measure, metanalysis)

• how often we measure it (many at once, one at a time)

  • determines type of data → analyses → conclusion

Metanalysis

take results of many studies & combine into 1

Qualitative/Nominal Data

consists of words/codes that represent a category

Ranked/Ordinal Data

consists of numbers that indicate order/standing of many diff things

Quantitative Data/Scalar

numbers that indicate an amount, count or measurement

• interval data

• ratio data

Interval Data

measurements w/o a true zero

• type of quantitative data

Ratio Data

measurement w/ a true zero

• type of quantitative data

T/F: Data can almost always be demoted, but it can never be promoted

True, data can be converted to a lower level of measurement.

T/F: The same quality can be measured may ways.

True, different levels of measurement, like nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, can represent the same quality but provide varying amounts of detail.

Descriptive Stats

• summarizes & organizes data

• is a mathematical “fact”

• ex → counts, central tendency/avg, correlation (how close data sets/values are)

Inferential Stats

• uses a small subset/sample to estimate something about a big group/population

• depends on the quality of the input

• methodology to control/modify quality

• ex → T-tests, anova