Brain Nuclei, the Limbic System, the Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Brainstem and Protection of the Brain

Flashcards on brain nuclei, the limbic system, the diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem and protection of the brain.

Nuclei

Clusters of neurons in the central nervous system.

Basal Nuclei

Involved in voluntary movement and coordinating voluntary movement.

Globus Pallidus

More medial to the others basal nuclei.

Caudate and Putamen

Serves like a baseball glove around the globus pallidus.

Putamen

The body of the baseball glove around the globus pallidus.

Caudate

The circular wrapping structure around the globus pallidus.

Limbic System

A group of different regions around the brain that are all working together for the shared function, such as emotion, emotional memory, and behavior.

Hippocampus

Critical for creating new memories.

Amygdala

Memories that are specifically linked with emotions.

Thalamus

A key job is acting as a switchboard operator for incoming sensory information to send it to the correct destination of cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

Central control for homeostatic and automatic control.

Epithalamus

Where we have the pineal gland.

Melatonin

Critical to the sleep wake cycle.

Cerebellum

Monitors what actually happened with movement compared to the planter movement, and then any difference that correct that error for a smooth and coordinated movement.

Cerebellum

Connects with the rest of the brain through the brain stem.

Brainstem Regions

Midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Brainstem Nuclei

The cell bodies for our cranial nerves.

Brainstem Nuclei Reticular formation

Clusters of cell bodies for what we call the reticular formation.

Spinal cord white matter tracks

Bundles of axons running up and down the brain stem.

Midbrain Function

Processing of visual stimuli and auditory sound.

Inferior colliculi

Involves an auditory processing.

Substantia nigra

Filled with cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons that are headed to the basal nuclei.

Pontine Nuclei

Regulating breathing, and then also regulation of arousal state.

Pyramids

Upper motor neurons that are coming from primary motor cortex in cerebral.

Primary motor cortex

Made up of motor neurons that are going to be responsible for executing movement.

Precentral gyrus

bump that's right in front of central sulcus.

Nucleus bracilis and cuneatus

Stopping points for information, for somatosensory information that's on its way from the periphery up to the brain.

Reticular Formation

A group of nuclei that are all going to work together for some what complex functions related to that, also, related to that, it's involved in regulating attention.

Reticular Formation

ADHD and being able to allocate attentional resources to relevant stimuli.

Meninges

Three layers of tissue that are going to be surrounding the brain

Three layers of meninges

Dura, the arachnoid, and the pia.

Dura Mater

Really thick and durable.

Arachnoid Mater

Kind of stringy web like one.

Pia Mater

Really thin and lies right along the surface of the braid and will, like, fold in with all of the sulci

Cerebrospinal fluid

Provides a great avenue for removing waste.

Cerebrospinal fluid

Provides cushioning to reduce traumatic brain injury.

Cerebrospinal fluid

The different ventricles within the brain, and then the central canal within the spinal cord.

Lateral Ventricles

The ones that kind of extend off laterally.

Lateral Ventricles

Connected to the third ventricle via the inter the interventricular frame.

Third ventricle and fourth ventricle

Connected to each other via the cerebral aqua.

Ependymal cells

Cells, are responsible for production and circulation of CSF.

Blood brain barrier

Helps regulate and control what's reaching the brain.

Astrocytes

Involved in forming the blood brain barrier.

Endothelial cells

The cells of the capillary, the cells of the blood.

Hypothalamus

A controller of homeostasis.

Viscera

Internal environment, the internal organs.

Reticular formation

A group of nuclei, a group of many cell bodies that are running throughout the brainstem that have roles in regulating arousal and consciousness and sleep wake cycle and autonomic features of the body like blood pressure or respiratory rate.

Preoptic nucleus

Responds to those changes in light levels, that information it's receiving, and then it's going to send an output.

Pineal gland

Part of diencephalon within the epithalamus, and that's going to release melatonin.