Methods in Anthropological Fieldwork

Flashcards about Methods in Anthropological Fieldwork

How does ethnographic fieldwork distinguish itself from other forms of social research?

Ethnographic fieldwork requires a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of a community through long-term immersion and unbiased cultural relativism.

What is the primary method that defines cultural anthropology?

Fieldwork, characterized by extensive engagement and observation, is the fundamental research method, providing insights unattainable through brief visits or surveys.

Explain what is meant by the emic perspective.

The emic perspective involves understanding a culture from the viewpoint of someone who is part of that culture, offering an insider's understanding.

What are the potential dangers of tunnel vision for anthropologists?

Tunnel vision can lead to ethnocentrism, where one's own culture is regarded as superior to others, hindering objective understanding.

What are the essential practices incorporated into fieldwork?

Fieldwork integrates holism, which emphasizes a comprehensive approach; cultural relativism, which promotes understanding cultures on their own terms; and ethical behavior, which ensures responsible conduct.

Name and describe three commonly used methods in ethnographic fieldwork.

Key methods include participant observation, which involves active participation in the community; interviews, which gather personal narratives and insights; and fieldnotes, which document detailed observations and reflections.

Elaborate on what participant observation involves.

Participant observation requires the researcher to actively engage in the host culture's activities while meticulously recording observations.

Describe the different types of interviews used in fieldwork.

Interviews range from highly structured formats using formal, scripted questions to unstructured formats allowing for open-ended, exploratory conversations.

Explain why maintaining fieldnotes is essential in anthropological research.

Fieldnotes are crucial as they preserve detailed observations that might be easily forgotten over extended periods.

Besides the core methods, what other research methods are used in anthropology?

Additional methods include the comparative method, genealogical method, life history approach, ethnohistory, rapid appraisals, action research, remote anthropology, and analysis of secondary materials.

What does the genealogical method entail?

The genealogical method systematically classifies kin relationships to the informant to understand social organization and structures.

What is the purpose of using life histories in ethnography?

Life histories help understand the impact of age on social roles by documenting various life stories within a community.

Why are ethnohistories particularly significant?

Ethnohistories are particularly important for studying non-literate societies, where historical records are scarce.

In what situations are rapid appraisals most appropriate?

Rapid appraisals are used for concise inquiries or when funding limits long-term fieldwork.

Define action research.

Action research applies anthropological insights to facilitate social change and address community needs.

What does 'Anthropology at a distance' refer to?

Anthropology at a distance is used when anthropologists cannot physically access the field, relying on alternative data collection methods.

What considerations are necessary when using secondary materials in research?

When using secondary materials, it is important to consider the author's biases and motivations to ensure a balanced interpretation.

What challenges do anthropologists face when working in their own societies?

Anthropologists may struggle with objectivity due to their familiarity with the culture, which can obscure patterns that would be obvious to outsiders.

What are three common ethical dilemmas encountered by anthropologists?

Common ethical dilemmas include the commitment to minimize harm, deciding to whom their responsibilities lie, and determining who controls the research outcomes.

Define repatriation in the context of anthropology.

Repatriation involves returning human remains and culturally significant items to their original communities.

What is provenance, and why is it important?

Provenance refers to detailed information about an artifact's origin and history, critical for understanding its significance.

What ethical considerations arise for anthropologists during wartime?

Ethical considerations during wartime involve balancing obligations to informants, governments, or both.