manufacturing ethanol

what are the reagents in hydration

ethene and steam

what is the catalyst in hydration

phosphoric acid

what is the temperature required for hydration

300 degrees celcius

what is the pressure needed for hydration

60-70 atm

what is the rate of the hydration process

fast

what is the purity of the product in the hydration process

pure

what reagents used in fermentation

aqueous glucose

what is the catalyst used in fermentation

enzymes in yeast

what is the temperature needed for fermentation

30 degrees Celsius

what is the pressure needed for fermentation

1 atm

what is the rate of fermentation process

slow

what is purity of product in fermentation

impure

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using fermentation rather than hydration to produce ethanol (4)

advantage:

m1: uses lower pressure/temperature m2: so less energy needed

disadvantage:

m1: growing sugar cane takes up land

m2: that can be used to grow food crops

explain why fermentation needs to occur in anaerobic conditions (2)

m1:oxygen would oxidise with ethanol m2: which would produce ethanoic acid

name the oxidising agent needed for ethanol oxidation

potassium dichromate

state the colour change of potassium dichromate in ethanol oxidation

orange → green

explain the rate of ethanol oxidation when in treatment with an oxidising agent

slow reaction so mixture is heated to boiling point for around an hour

write the chemical equation of the oxidation of ethanol in treatment with an oxidising agent

C₂H₅OH + [O] → CH₃COOH + H₂O

write the chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 3H₂O + 2CO₂

write the word equation for the oxidation of ethanol in aerobic oxidation

ethanol + oxygen → ethanoic acid + water