Nutrition Lecture Notes Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering nutrition essentials, including macronutrients, micronutrients, dietary guidelines, and specific conditions like Kwashiorkor and DKA.

Added Sugars

Sugars that were added during the processing of the food, shown on labels in grams.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 (Daily Alcohol Recommendation)

One drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

Pregnancy Nutritional Increases

Double the amount of pre-pregnancy iron, increased folic acid to prevent birth defects of the nervous system, and an increase of $340$ calories per day.

FDA Approved Artificial Sweeteners (Pregnancy)

Aspartame, Sucralose, and Acesulfame-K.

MyPlate Grain Recommendation

Make half of your grains whole grains.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in larger amounts on a daily basis, including protein, carbohydrates, fats, and water.

Micronutrients

Nutrients needed in smaller amounts, including vitamins and minerals (trace minerals).

Complete Proteins

Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids.

Incomplete Proteins

Proteins that do not contain all nine of the essential amino acids.

Kwashiorkor

A protein deficiency disorder characterized by severe emaciation, a grossly edematous abdomen caused by ascites, liver enlargement, lethargy, and failure to grow.

Monounsaturated Fats

Fats that help to lower blood levels of bad cholesterol.

Polyunsaturated Fats

Fats that decrease the risk of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Saturated Fats

Fats implicated in cardiovascular disease because they raise blood cholesterol.

American Heart Association (AHA) Fat Recommendation

The AHA recommends that no more than $25\%-35\%$ of one’s total daily intake of calories should come from fat.

Glucose

The primary energy source and most common form of simple carbohydrate.

Fructose

The sweetest natural sugar, also known as fruit sugar.

Lactose

The least-sweet natural sugar, also known as milk sugar.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A serious elevation in blood acid levels seen in Type 1 diabetes when the body cannot access glucose and burns stored fat for energy instead.

Soluble Fiber

Fiber that attracts water to form a gel-like substance, staying in the stomach longer to provide a sense of feeling full.

Insoluble Fiber

Fiber that passes through the intestines acting like a bulk laxative, drawing water into the intestines to help prevent constipation.

Vitamin D Sunlight Requirement

Exposure of the skin to sunlight for $15$ minutes twice per week.

Antioxidants

Vitamins A, C, and E, which help to deactivate free radicals before they can cause damage.

Vitamin C Functions

Essential for immune system functioning, iron absorption, and wound healing.

Vegan

A vegetarian diet that excludes all meats and animal products, including honey.

Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian

A vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

The most common scale used as an indicator of obesity in the general population.