APUSH Unit 2

October 26th, 2025

New England Harvesting the Sea

new england didn’t have cash crops, so they invested in whaling, salting fish, coolfish and lobsters

“Protestant Work Ethic”

believed they worked harder than Catholics

Pilgrims & Plymoth Rock

separatists who wanted to create their own society free of Church of England

Puritan Settlers in Boston

settled in “city upon a hill” where the government argued that women accepted husbands leadership→”little commonweath” children couldn’t speak, father could “correct” wife and children

Great Chain of Being

Puritan way of thinking, creation serves mankind (including women)

Covenant Marriage (puritan)

perpetual, even if your husband was abusive

General court in new england

Bi-cameral legislature

Blue Laws

mortality laws in New England

Laws in New England

mandatory public education

town meetings

male voting

governor elected

General court of Massachusettes

legislative body→create God will on Earth

Shipping industry in Boston

built ships to carry slaves to Americas, exchanged fish in Caribbean, First colony to legalize slavery

Roger Williams “Forced religion stinks the nostrils of God”

separation of church + state, founds Providence (RI)

Anne Hutchinson (Boston)

said that you didn’t need to listen to male clergy, held bible study at home

Mart Dyer (Boston)

protested anti-quaker laws, freedom of religious expression, executed on Boston Common

Thomas Morton

part of the LGBTQ community in Boston→established Marymount

Pequot War/Genocide

New England colonists wanted to control fur trade and get Indian resrouces

Mystic Massacre(CT)

Native American women and children were killed along the Mystic River

Pequot Laws in New England

no speaking language, cannot teach or practice Pequot culture, no living in villiages

Slave trade-Pequot

Pequot leaders sold into slavery in Caribbean

King Phillips War

wanted to destroy Europeans in America→argued for pan-Indianism, All Indians needed to fight colonists (worst war for casualties in US history)

results of Kind Phillips War

30% of European pop. dies 60% of Native pop. dies, 12 major cities destroyed, Providence burned to the ground

Salem Witchcraft Trials

occurred between 1692→1693, led to the execution of 20 people & 2 dogs

Theories for Salem Witch Trials

Ergot Theories-poisoned by fungus/lsd

Misogyny Theory-bias against women

Social Crisis Theory-how society deals with crisis

PTSD Theory-PTSD from Indian Raids

New Model Army during English Civil War

Oliver Cromwell (leader) was able to defeat cavaliers

Commonwealth during English Civil War

Cromwell declared “Lord Protector”, harsh republican rule, crushes rebellion in Scotland and Ireland→devolved into chaos because he became military dictator

English Restoration

Church of England restored and house of Lords established (secret Catholics)

Charles II of England during Restoration

“father of his people”, no heirs

Declaration of Indulgence in England

no more persecution of Catholics

James II of England

attempts to remove Test Act, appoints Catholics to positions in government, openly practices catholic religion when in reign

Glorious Revolution

Protestants invite William and Mary of Orange to invade, Sign English Bill of Rights

“Divine Right of Kings”

rejects Puritans as dangerous “No bishops, no king”

allows for King James version of bible

Charles I - lead road to Civil war in England

refuses to call parliament, raised taxes without consent

Parliament in England

demands the right to be called at least once a year

called the “petition of right”

Scottish Kirk and Rebellion

wants Presbyterians to adopt book of Anglican Prayer

Invades Northern Ireland and forces Charles to call Parliament

Great Migration of Puritans

70,000 Puritans migrated to the Americas

short Parliament

demand that they be allowed to meet without consent of king, Scotland pushed into York, threatens London

Long Parliament

Puritans execute closest advisors to king, eliminate royal taxes

Triennial Act

Parliament must be called at least 3

Grand Remonstrance

200 complaints

Invasion of Parliament

Black Rod incident/civil war declared

Calvinism (stuart England)

protestant christian community founded by John Calvin

Calvinism/Protestanty thought the following

predestination

elected or damned

visible saints

no Eucharist

Eucharist

Puritans didn’t go to mass, they went to Sabbath service, believed God gave them a covenant land

Navigation Acts

Forced colonial economies to serve Great Britain

Indigenous response to Europeans

King Phillips war

cultural accommodation

chattel slavery

chattel=property, slaves became property