AP Human Geography AMSCO Unit 4 Political

geopolitics

study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography

territoriality

the defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals

organic theory

expansion to feed new growth or stagnation results (If you are not growing, you are dying)

heartland theory

1904: Sir Halford Mackinder's theory: take over Eastern Europe and spread outwards

rimland theory

Spykman's theory that the Eurasian rim, not its heart, held the key to global power

defined boundary

boundary is created in agreement between two parties in a treaty or other legal document

delimited boundary

boundary is drawn on a map by cartographers and "agreed" to by two sides

demarcated boundary

a boundary marked by some visible means on the ground

• EX: wall posts, fence, etc.

natural boundary

a boundary created by physical features, such as a mountain, river, or strait; Missouri River

geometric boundary

Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines; Libya and Egypt

cultural boundary

A boundary that follows the distribution of cultural characteristics; rice or wheat based food in China

antecedent boundary

a boundary line established before the area in question is well populated; US and Canada's use of 49th parallel

subsequent boundary

A boundary drawn after a cultural landscape is already in place; N. Ireland and Republic of Ireland

relic boundary

a former boundary line that is still discernible and marked by some cultural landscape features; boundary between West and East Germany

superimposed boundary

a boundary line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern; Berlin Conference dividing Africa

militarized boundary

a boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages movement; N & S Korea

open boundary

a boundary where crossing is unimpeded; Schengen Agreement areas of Europe

definitional boundary

Conflict over how to interpret the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract; mountain areas of Chile and Argentina

locational boundary

a boundary dispute on where a boundary should be; post-WWI Germany and Poland

irredentism

any political or popular movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy a lost homeland

operational boundary

a boundary dispute that involves how the boundary functions; Syrian refugees crossing into Europe

allocational boundary

A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region; Iraq invaded Kuwait for digging horizontal oil wells

United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea

establishes how far into the ocean a state's influence extends

territorial sea

a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state

contiguous zone