Axial & Appendicular Muscles - Insertion, origin, action

Temporalis

O: temporal bone

I: coronoid process of mandible

A: elevates mandible

Masseter

O: zygomatic arch

I: ramus of mandible

A: elevates mandible

Medial pterygoid

O: pterygoid process

I: ramus of mandible

A: elevates mandible

Lateral pterygoid

O: pterygoid process

I: ramus of mandible

A: opens jaws

Anterior belly digastric

O: mental protuberance

I: hyoid bone

A: depresses mandible

Posterior belly digastric

O: mastoid process of temporal bone

I: hyoid bone

A: elevates larynx

Stylohyoid

O: styloid process of temporal bone

I: hyoid bone

A: elevates larynx

Mylohyoid

O: body of mandible

I: hyoid bone

A: elevates floor of mouth

Sternohyoid

O: manubrium and clavicle

I: hyoid bone

A: depress hyoid

Omohyoid

O: superior border of scapula

I: hyoid bone

A: depress hyoid

Sternocleidomastoid

O: manubrium and clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone

A: flexion of neck

Gluteus maximus

O: ilium and sacrum

I: iliotibial tract and proximal femur

A: extension at hip

Gluteus medius

O: iliac crest

I: greater trochanter

A: abduction at hip

Gluteus minimus

O: ilium

I: greater trochanter

A: abduction at hip

Piriformis

O: sacrum

I: greater trochanter

Tensor fasciae latae

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: iliotibial tract

A: extension of the knee

Iliotibial tract*

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: lateral condyle of tibia

Pectineus

O: superior pubic ramus

I: lesser trochanter

Gracilis

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: medial condyle of tibia

A: adduction at hip

Iliacus

O: iliac fossa

I: iliopsoas muscle

Psoas major

O: transverse process of lumbar vertebra

I: iliopsoas muscle

Iliopsoas

O: N/A

I: lesser trochanter

Adductor longus

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera

A: adduction of hip

Adductor magnus

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera

A: adduction of hip

Quadriceps tendon*

O: muscle of quadriceps femoris

I: base of patella**

Rectus femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extension at the knee

Vastus intermedius, lateralis, medialis

O: linea aspera

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extension at the knee

Sartorius

O: anterior superiaor iliac spine

I: medial condyle of tibia

Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

A: flexion of the knee

Biceps femoris, long head

O: ischial tuberosity

I: lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula

A: flexion of the knee

Biceps femoris, short head

O: linea aspera

I: lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula

A: felxion of the knee

Popliteus

O: lateral condyle of femur

I: posterior tibia

Tibialis anterior

O: lateral condyle of tibia

I: metatarsal I

A: flexion (dorsiflexion) at ankle

Extensor digitorum longus

O: lateral condyle of tibia

I: distal phalanges II-V

A: extensions of toes II-V

Fibularis longus

O: head of fibula

I: metatarsal I

Fibularis brevis

O: fibula

I: metatarsal V

Gastrocnemius, lateral head

O: lateral condyle of femur

I: calcaneus

A: extension (plantar flexion) at ankle

Gastrocnemius, medial head

O: medial condyle of femur

I: calcaneus

A: extension (plantar flexion) at ankle

Soleus

O: tibia

I: calcaneus

Achilles tendon*

O: muscles of the calf

I: calcaneus

Plantaris

O: lateral condyle of femur

I: calcaneus

Tibialis posterior

O: tibia and fibula

I: tasral and metatarsals

Flexor hallucis longus

O: fibula

I: distal phalanx I

A: flexion of hallux

Flexor digitorum longus

O: tibia

I: distal phalanx II-V

A: flexion of toes II-V

Deltoid

O: calvicle & spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity

A: abduction of shoulder

Coracobrachialis

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: shaft of humerus

Teres major

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: proximal humerus

Supraspinatus

O: supraspinous fossa

I: greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus

O: infraspinous fossa

I: greater tubercle of humerus

Subscapularis

O: subscapular fossa

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

Teres minor

O: lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

Biceps brachii, short head

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: radial tuberosity

A: flexion at elbow

Biceps brachii, long head

O: glenoid cavity

I: radial tuberoisty

A: flexion at elbow

Triceps brachii, lateral head

O: proximal humerus

I: olecranon

A: extension at elbow

Triceps brachii, long head

O: scapula

I: olecranon

A: extension at elbow

Triceps brachii, medial head

O: proximal humerus

I: olecranon

A: extension at elbow

Brachialis

O: mid humerus

I: coronoid process of ulna

Pronator teres

O: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

I: radius

A: pronation

Supinator

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: radius

A: supination

Anconeus

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: olecranon

Brachioradialis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: styloid process of radius

A: flexion at elbow

Flexor carpi radialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: metacarpals II and III

Palmaris longus

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: palmar aponeurosis

Flexor digitorum superficialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: distal phalanges II-V

Flexor carpi ulnaris

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: metacarpal V

Extensor carpi ulnaris

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: metacarpal V

A: extension at wrist

Extensor digitorum

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: distal phalanges II-V

A: extension of fingers

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: metacarpal III

A: extension at wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: metacarpal II

A: extension at wrist

Abductor pollicis longus

O: proximal radius and ulna

I: metacarpal I

Extensor pollicis brevis

O: mid radius

I: proximal phalanx I