Titration

titration

to determine an unknown concentration for a solution

solution

solute dissolved in solvent

Meniscus

curve

why is a burette used

sensitive scale goes up 0.1 cm3

measure continuous data

judging reading to 2.d.p

concordant results

0.10 cm3 of each other

Colour change at titration:

Indicator: Methyl orange

Acid colour: RED

Alkali colour: YELLOW

End point colour: Orange

Colour change at titration:

Indicator: Phenolphthalein

Acid colour: COLOURLESS

Alkali colour: PINK

End point colour:

Just pink (adding alkali) = all acid used up = alkali makes pink

Just colourless (adding acid) = all alkali used up = acid makes colourless

Oxidation is loss of electrons

Gain of oxygen

Loss of Hydrogen

Reduction is gain of electrons

Loss of oxygen

Gain of Hydrogen

Redox reaction

Reduction + Oxidation

monatomic ion

made from 1 ion

Make half equations

1) Write what you know equations (ions)

2) Balance for atoms ( not O or H)

3) Balance for O by adding H2O

4) Balance for H by adding H+ ions

5) Balance charge by adding electrons