Types and Breeds of Horse

bred to carry and pull heavy loads over twice their weight for short distances

Draft horses

What are the size characteristics of Draft Horses?

Tall, strong, and heavy; they weigh over 1600 lbs and stand over 16 hands tall.

They are used for freight hauling, carrying armored soldiers, and acting as tractors and heavy haulers.

Draft horses in pre-modern era

What is the typical temperament of Draft Horses?

Calm, even-tempered, and level-headed — described as “cold-blooded.”

examples of Draft Horse breeds

Percheron, Suffolk, Belgian, Shire, and Clydesdale (made famous by Budweiser Anheuser Busch).

bred for speed, agility, endurance and riding

Light horses

Light horses are used for?

every form of riding, from pleasure riding, to racing and ranch work

Light horses are bred to be used under?

saddle

Examples of light horses

American Quarter horse, Rocky Mountain horse, Pintos, Polo ponies and Morgans, Arabians, Andalusians and Thoroughbreds

Characteristics of Light horses

hot blood as well: high energy, easily excitable and fleet footed

light horses bred for riding but best known for their exceptionally smooth ride

Gaited Horse

_________ _____, used for Generals, officers, plantation owners and men of wealth

‘gentleman’s horse’

middle weight horses created by cross of cold blood draft horse and a hot blood light horse; resulted in best of both worlds

Warm blood horses

Characteristics of warm blood horses

tall, strong, athletic horse with sensible attitude and plenty of get-up-and-go

Warm blood horses dominates in?

dressage, jumping, harness and equestrian Olympic sports

Example of Warm blood horses

Dutch Warmblood, Hanoverian, Selle Francaise, Trakehner, and HolsteIner

horse that measures less than 14.2 hands (14 in Australia)

incredibly versatile horses

bred to do virtually everything imaginable

Ponies

Ponies are used for?

pulling, packing, harness, jumping, plowing and even ranch work

Example of ponies

Welsh Mountain Pony, Icelandic Pony, Shetland Pony and Hackney Pony

related to horses and can be interbreed with horses but are not horses themselves

Non-horse Types of Equine

Example of Non-horse Types of Equine

donkeys, zebras and mules

is untamed version of domesticated donkey

Wild ass

pound for pound ______ much stronger than horse;

donkeys

is cross between horse and donkey

Mule

a male donkey is a ____, a female is a _______

jack and jennet

asses are commonly known as?

donkeys, burros or jackstock

are wild non-domesticated equine; difficult to train for riding under saddle

Zebras

zebra-horse cross is a

zorse

Common origin

Possess certain well-fixed, distinctive, uniformly, transmitted characteristics not common to other horses

Breed

What is the origin of the Appaloosa breed?

Idaho, Oregon, and Washington

From which region did the Appaloosa's ancestors descend?

Central Asia

Who were the first people to breed Appaloosas?

Nez Perce Indians

What is unique about the Appaloosa's color?

They have variations and combinations of colors and spots

What are the four distinguishable characteristics of the Appaloosa?

• Coat pattern

• Mottled skin (speckled and blotchy pattern of pigmented and non-pigmented skin)

• White sclera (area of the eye which encircles the iris)

• Striped hooves

Uses of Appaloosa

Stock

Pleasure

Race

Parade

Hunters

Jumpers

Origin of Arabian

Saudi Arabia

Color of Arabian horse

Bay, gray, chestnut, some white and black

Characteristic of an Arabian horse

White marks common on head and legs, Dish face

Uses of an arabian horse

Saddle, show, stock, pleasure, racing, endurance races, competitive trail rides

Palomino originated in?

United states and they are spanish descent

– Golden with light colored mane and tail

No more than 15% dark or chestnut hair in either mane or tail

14.2 to 16 hands

Type desired depends upon intended use

Palomino

Uses of palomino

Parade

Stock

Pleasure

Saddle

Fine Harness

What is the origin of the Quarter Horse?

Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas

What are the common colors of the Quarter Horse?

Gray, black, bay, sorrel, chestnut, brown, buckskin, palomino, dun, grullo, red dun, blue roan, red roan

What is the height range of the Quarter Horse?

15 to 16 hands

Most versatile of all breeds, they are well muscled and powerfully built

Quarter horse

They are the first breed native to US

Quarter Horse

Uses of quarter horse

Stock

Racing

Pleasure

Hunting

Jumping

Origin of miniature horse

England

Colors of Miniature horse

Any color, marking patterns, or eye color

They are first used to pull ore carts in coal mines

Miniature horse

Uses of miniature horse

Pets and shows

Origin of shetland ponies

Shetland isles

One of the oldest breeds in existence

Shetland Pony

Any color, solid, or mixed

Long, shaggy outer coat during winter

full mane and tail

Shetland Pony

Uses of shetland pony

Children

Harness

Racing

Roadster

Known for draftiness

Widest body

Most compact, massive

Lowest set draft breed

Belgian

Color of Belgian horses and their origin

Chestnut, sorrel, some roans and bays

Belgium

Uses of belgian horses

Exhibition

Special Attractions

Farm Work

What is the origin of the Clydesdale?

Scotland

What colors can Clydesdales be?

Bay, some black, brown, chestnut, and roan

What leg markings are typical for a Clydesdale?

4 white socks

Well-defined blaze or bald face

Size: medium draft breed

16.2 to 18 hands

Superior style and action

Heavy feathering of feet (fringe of hair

around foot just above the hoof)

Clydesdale

Uses of clydesdale

Exhibition

Special attractions

Farm work

Origin and Color of Percheron

France and Most common color is black or gray, some are chestnut and roan

Size – Intermediate

• Between Clydesdale and Belgian

16.2 to 17.3 hands

Extremely docile

Clean-cut head

Percheron

Uses of Percheron

Uses:

Exhibition purposes

Special attractions

Farm Work

Mated with Thoroughbreds:

Produce hunters and jumpers

What is the origin of the Shire?

England

What colors are common in Shires?

Black, brown, gray, chestnut/sorrel

What is considered undesirable in Shires?

A: Excessive white markings or roaning

What size is the Shire breed? and which breed matches the shire in weight?

Large and Belgian horses

How tall are Shires?

16.2 to 17.1 hands

What was a historical use for Shires in the 15th and 16th centuries?

War horses

Uses of shire

Exhibition purposes

Special attractions

Farm work

white extends from belly and legs upward toward the back but does not cross the back; have a “war bonnet” or white face

Overos

combination of Tobiano and Overo

Toveros

White and bald spotting pattern

Piebald

White and color other than black or white

Skewbald

White with dark spots all over of the body

Leopard

dark horse with tiny white spots

Snowflake

Best known pattern; white blanket with dark spot on the rump

Blanket