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central nervous system structure
brain and spinal cord
central nervous system function
function: integrative and control centers
peripheral nervous system
sensory
motor
somatic
autonomic
peripheral nervous system structure
cranial and spinal nerves
peripheral nervous system function
function: communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body
sensory nervous system structure
PNS
somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
sensory nerve system function
function: conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
somatic nervous system structure
PNS motor
somatic nerve fibers
somatic nervous system function
PNS
function: conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system structure
visceral motor nerve fibers
sympathetic
parasympathetic
autonomic nervous system function
function: conducts from CNS to cardiac, smooth muscle and glands
neurons
excitable cells that transmit electrical signals
neuroglia
supporting cells that surround neurons
cell bodies in CNS
nuclei
cell bodies in PNS
ganglia
afferent neurons
signal to CNS
efferent neurons
signal away from CNS
CNS glia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
PNS glia
schwann cells
satellite cells
resting state
membrane potential is maintained by sodium potassium pump at -70mV
depolarization
upon neurotransmitter binding, ion channels open Na+ channels
the Na+ influx causes the membrane to depolarize (more positive)
repolarization
caused by K+ leak channels that repolarizes the plasma membrane
Na+ channels are closed
hyperpolarization
some K+ channels remain open and K+ leaves the cell while Na+ remain closed