Neuro physiology

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23 Terms

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central nervous system structure

brain and spinal cord

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central nervous system function

function: integrative and control centers

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peripheral nervous system

  1. sensory

  2. motor

    • somatic

    • autonomic

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peripheral nervous system structure

cranial and spinal nerves

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peripheral nervous system function

function: communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body

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sensory nervous system structure

PNS

  • somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers

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sensory nerve system function

function: conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

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somatic nervous system structure

PNS motor

  • somatic nerve fibers

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somatic nervous system function

PNS

function: conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

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autonomic nervous system structure

visceral motor nerve fibers

  • sympathetic

  • parasympathetic

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autonomic nervous system function

function: conducts from CNS to cardiac, smooth muscle and glands

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neurons

excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

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neuroglia

supporting cells that surround neurons

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cell bodies in CNS

nuclei

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cell bodies in PNS

ganglia

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afferent neurons

signal to CNS

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efferent neurons

signal away from CNS

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CNS glia

  • astrocytes

  • oligodendrocytes

  • microglia

  • ependymal cells

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PNS glia

  • schwann cells

  • satellite cells

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resting state

membrane potential is maintained by sodium potassium pump at -70mV

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depolarization

upon neurotransmitter binding, ion channels open Na+ channels

  • the Na+ influx causes the membrane to depolarize (more positive)

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repolarization

caused by K+ leak channels that repolarizes the plasma membrane

  • Na+ channels are closed

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hyperpolarization

some K+ channels remain open and K+ leaves the cell while Na+ remain closed