Production Management Systems and Operation

6-10 m

How many meters are goats tied to a rope during tethering?

Once or twice

How often are goats transferred daily to areas where it will have free access to fresh browsing

Tethering

• Limited damage to crops

• Common production management system in the Philippines

Extensive Production

• Small herd of goats, 5-10 will let loose to browse

• Letting the animals graze freely and herding them at night

• Goats return to their house late in the afternoon

• Low level of unpaid family labor represents the main input

Intensive Production

• Complete confinement of the animals

• Needs cultivation of forages

• Cut-and-carry feeding system

• Concentrate is supplemented depending on the kind of available forages

Semi-intensive

• Limited grazing and combined with stall- feeding

• 2-4 hours grazing until afternoon

• Effective during wet season

• Concentrate is supplemented depending on the kind of available forages

Integration into Crop Agriculture

• Can be extensive, intensive, or semi- intensive

• Goat raising under established plantations of mango, coconut, tamarind, etc.

• Goat-Rice

• Goat-Mango

• Goat-Tamarind

Examples of Integration into Crop Agriculture

• Cow-calf Operation

• Breeder Farm Operation

• Feedlot Fattening Operation

• Milking Operation

PRODUCTION OPERATION

7 – 8 months

Weaning age of cow calf operation

Cow-calf operation

For fattening or for replacement stocks

Breeder farm operation

Calves for breeding purposes

7 to 12 months

Growing Stage of feedlot operation EXTENSIVE OF INTENSIVE

3 to 5 months

Fattening/Finishing Stage of feedlot operation INTENSIVE ONLY

Cow/calf

farms or ranches will own a herd of cows that give birth once a year. The calves are kept with their mothers over several months, feeding on milk and grazing on pasture.

Backgrounding or Stocker

After being weaned, the calves will continue to graze on pasture and may also receive supplemental feed to help it grow and mature.

Cattle may move to a feedyard or stay on the farm. Here they will continue to be fed roughage and grain in order to meet its nutritional requirements. Cattle may be finished on grass or grain. After 4-6 months and when market weight is met, they are ready for harvest.

• Individual smallholder producers

• Smallholder cooperatives

• Commercial farms

Dairy cattle operations

• Intensive milk production

• Meat production system based on pasture (extensive)

• Dual purpose

Types of Buffalo production systems

Intensive milk production system

separation of calves only a few days after birth (Confinement)

Meat production system based on pasture (extensive)

all the milk produced is destined for the calves.

Double-purpose

is a semi-intensive production system with milk and meat production; here, calves have access to nursing only after milking.

7 years, 11 years

Carabao can only be slaughtered when they are over _ and over — if female.