psci addiction test 1, part 2

nugget movie

a bird who first ignores drugs, then takes it

he has a good high from it but then keeps dropping on the floor

constantly takes it and later his body stops reacting

comorbidity

substancial comorbidity in SUD

nearly half of substance abusers meet criteria for polysubstance abuse

what is a positive reinforcement perspective that is seen for taking drugs?

Those who take drugs and are sensation seeking and impulsive will more likely think of drugs as positive 

impulsivity 

people do drugs because they want immediate reward (getting high) over large delayed reward  (health) 

younger people have higher impulse rates compared to older people

what are twin studies when it comes to SUD

identical twins have the same genes , fraternal twins do not

with sepereated identical twins can see the change with the different environment

what are the shared environmental factors 

houses, schools 

0-30% of common rearing doesnt make a major contributio

nonshared environmental factors

rooms, different colleges, different friend groups

genetics have a BIG role

is geneics or enviornment stronger?

genetic influences are weaker and shared environmental influences are stronger on SUD in adolescnce than in adulthood

but in general its birdirectional 

developmental perspectives

when kids first starting using drugs more likely to have a SUD

what is the prospective research when it comes to SUD

developmental timing of when someone is first exposed increases chance of SUD in adulthood 

what type of people are more likely to go away from drugs / SUD

marriage, kids, and career

connects to college 

age of initian starting

early adulthood start experimenting with nic and alcohol

adults before 15 years old 4x more likley

how does drugs effect the brain

before the brain is still developing before age 25, can have neurocognitive deficits

what are the norms of drinking

beliefs about peer drinking and peer acceptance of drinking are strong predictors of drinking

what is the expectancy theory when it comes to drinking

if someone thinks drinking is good more likely to be relaxes

if someone thinks drinking is bad more likely to get hung ove

self awareness model

reducing self relevance of environmental stimuli

decreases in self awareness resulting in decreasing in anxiety self regulation

alcohol myopia

state of shortssightedness in which immediate aspects of experience have a disproportionate influence on behaivor 

more of a psychological thing

what is externalizing psychopathology

conduct disorder and adhd

rage from early childhood can equal onset substance use

what is internalizing psychopathology

related to early use, which can increase chances

sensitivity

less sensitivity meaning a down slope means the diminised effect of negative consequences of alcohol

increased sensitiivy on ascending limb , enhance positively reinforcing effects

what are the sociocultural factors when it comes to the likelyhood of someone doing drugs 

child maltreatment, substance abuse parents, low levels of parental monitoring , low parental discouragement, deviant peers 

diathesis stress

dont have deviant peers

you have genes but you weren’t in the environment