Italian 201

what are the reflexive personal pronouns

mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si

what are the direct object personal pronouns?

lo, la, li, le

what are the possessive personal pronouns?

mia, tua, sua, nostri, vostri, loro

what are the prepositions?

a, da, per, in, su, di

in what cases should you use per?

when you are using passato prossimo and discussing an action that is already done and will not continue.

in what cases should you use a?

when you are using the present tense + discussing the time, going to a place or doing an action (I am taking an Italian class), or saying how old you were when you did something.

in what cases should you use di?

whenever you see ‘prima’ since ‘prima di’ is fixed

in what cases should you use da?

when you are talking about an action that started in the past and is ongoing (I have been taking an Italian class), going to a person or professional.

In what cases should you use essere for the passato prossimo and what is the rule

The rule is that you have to change the ending of the past participle to match the subject. Verbs in essere include: verbs of becoming, staying, going, or any reflexive verbs.

What is the rule about passato prossimo with dovere, potere, and volere

using essere or avere depends on what the verb that follows it takes.
For example, ho devuto guidare la macchina.

what is the rule about passato prossimo with verbs cominciare and finire?

These verbs will take a form of essere if the subject of the sentence is nonhuman and will take avere if the subject of the setence is human.

verbs in essere

Salire

Uscire

Partire

Entrare

Restare

Morire

Andare

Nascere

Cadere

Rimanere

Avere

Venire

Essere

Stare

Diventare

Trovare

Sapere

when a question asks you ‘quando hai comminciato…?’ how can you answer

you can say a X anni (which describes your age WHEN you started to…) or # anni fa (number of years ago that you started)

chi, dove, quando, come, perché, quale/i, quanto?

who, where, when, how, why, which/what, how much/many