2.9-2.12 APHuG

Human Migration

The permanent change of residence by an individual or group

Pull Factors

Positive situations, conditions, events, and factors that make people want to move to a geographic location

Push Factors

Negative situations, conditions, events, and factors that make people want to leave a geographic location

Emigration

When an individual leaves a country or political territory

Immigration

When an individual enters a country or political territory

Intervening Obstacles

Negative situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching either final destination

Intervening Opportunities

Positive situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination

Forced Migration

When the migrant has no choice but to migrate

Refugee

An individual who has been forced to leave their home country and has crossed an international border in order to escape war, persecution, and/or natural disasters

Asylum Seeker

An individual who is seeking international protection. In countries with individualized procedures, an asylum-seeker is someone whose claim has not yet been finally decided on by the country in which the claim is submitted

Internally Displaced Person

an individual who has been forced to flee from their home in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, or natural or human made disasters, but have not crossed an internationally recognized state border

Voluntary Migration

Happens because people chose to leave their current location of their own free will

Transnational Migration

A migrant emigrates from their home country to another country but remains connected to their original country

Chain Migration

A process in which a legal immigrant, who has become a naturalized citizen, sponsors a family member to immigrate to the country

Naturalization

An individual may qualify for naturalization if they are at least 18 years old and have been a permanent resident for at least 5 years (or 3 years if you are married to a US citizen) and meet all other eligibility requirements

Step Migration

Migration that happens in stages (migrants will make stops on the way to their final destination)

Guest Workers

A migrant who may temporarily migrate to a new country for work or for educational reasons

Internal Migration

Permanent move within a country

Transhumance Migration

Migration that is cyclical and revolves around the seasonal movement of livestock. Livestock often led to highlands in the summer and lowlands in the winter

Rural to Urban migration

Movement of people from rural settlements to urban settlements

Intraregional Migration

Migration that involves a permanent move within the same region

Interregional Migration

Migration that involves a permanent move from one region of a country to another region of the same country