Subcutaneous, Systemic, yeast like

Chromoblastomycosis

Subcutaneous Mycosis

• Muriformcells, “copper pennies”. “Medlar bodies”, “Sclerotic Cell”

• No involvement of bone, tendon, or muscle

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Chromoblastomycosis

• Most frequently agent of chromoblastomycosis

• Colonies: Olive, gray, black, velvety texture.

Phialophora verrucosa

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Chromoblastomycosis

• Flask-shaped phialides (Vase with a conidial cluster resembling flowers)

• Means "shallow cup bearer "

• Colonies: dome-shaped olive-gray, black, wooly colonies

Mycetoma

Subcutaneous Mycosis

• Tumor-like deformities, affects the feet

• Destructive of contiguous bone, tendon, and skeletal muscle

Eumycotic mycetoma

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Mycetoma

• Includes Aspergillus, Curvularia (curve-shaped conidia)

Actinomycotic mycetoma

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Mycetoma

• Aerobic actinomyces

• Actinomycete (Gram (+))

• Nocardia spp. (Gram (+)) Acid Fast, aerobic

• Actinomadura (Gram (+)) Non- acid fast.

Actinomadura madurae

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Mycetoma

• Eosinophilic material, forming clubs

Pseudallescheria boydii

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Mycetoma

• Cause of white grain mycetoma.

• Typically found in stagnant and polluted water

Curvularia

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Phaeohyphomycosis

• Colonies: white-to-pink woolly, Curve shaped

Phaeohyphomycosis

Subcutaneous Mycosis

• Is caused by any dematiaceous fungi

• Yellow-brown septate hyphae, with or without budding yeast cells

Wangiella dermatitidis

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Phaeohyphomycosis

• The only species included in the genus Wangiella

Sporotrichosis

Subcutaneous Mycosis

• This infection is due to Sporothrix schenckii

Sporothrix schenckii

Subcutaneous Mycosis: Sporotrichosis

• Dimorphic fungus, occurs from finger prick from thorny plants, such as roses.

• Rose gardeners are affected

• Colonies: cream to white, moist and pasty

• Black, wrinkled and leathery with age

• Condida, petals of a flower, or “rosette” appearance, daisy flowers

• Asteroid body, snail-shaped yeast cell

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Systemic Mycosis

• Gilchrist’s disease

• Inhalation of the conidia or hyphae.

• “lollipops”.

Coccidioides immitis

Systemic Mycosis

• Desert fever, Valley Fever

• inhalation of arthrospores in soil

• BSL-3 (Most infectious of all fungi)

• Barrel shaped

Histoplasma capsulatum

Systemic Mycosis

• Multiplies in decaying chicken or pigeon droppings or bat guano

• Inhalation of spores from the environment

• knobby tuberculate

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Systemic Mycosis

• Chronic granulomatous disease

• Multiple budding yeast cells “mariner’s wheel” “ship wheel”

• Inhaling spores or chewing fungal-contaminated food

• turns waxy with age (Yeast phase)

Penicillium marneffei

Systemic Mycosis

• Oval yeast cells resembling Histoplasma

Candida albicans

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi

•   Colonies: Spider-like projections on EMB agar, pale blue on trypan medium

• Only yeast that produces germ tube

• Urease (-) Nitrite (-) Gram (+)

• Chlamydospores are produced

• Causes candidal balanitis in men

Oral Candidiasis

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Candida Albicans

• White curd like material on mucosal surface. Cottage cheese like

Diaper dermatitis

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Candida Albicans

• Satellite pustules

Candida parapsilosis

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Candida

• Pencil- like pseudohyphae

Candida krusei

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Candida

• Produces spreading colonies on SDA and sheep blood agar

• Cross matchstick appearance

Candida glabrata

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Candida

• Rarely may produce red-colored colonies

• assimilates both glucose and trehalose

Cryptococcus neoformans

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi

• Encapsulated, round to oval yeast. There is typically a single bud with a narrow neck between the parent and daughter cell.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Miscellaneous Yeasts

• large yeast cells, asci typically have 1 to 4 smooth ascospores

• rare causes of a variety of human infections Thrush, Vulvovaginitis

Rhodotorula

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Miscellaneous Yeasts

• Are cause of transient blood infections, peritonitis and septicemia, especially in peritoneal dialysis patients.

• Orange or orange-red pigment

• Urease (+) unable to ferment carbs

Geotrichum candidum

Yeast and Yeast like Fungi: Miscellaneous Yeasts

• Agent of geotrichosis

• “ hockey stick” appearance

Zygomycetes

Opportunistic saprobic fungi

• These microorganisms grow as fluffy white to gray molds with brown hyphae, which can cover the agar surface in 1 to 4 days and are thus given the designation “lid lifters”.

Rhizopus

Opportunistic saprobic fungi: Zygomycetes

• produce horizontal runners

• “lid lifters

Mucorales

Opportunistic saprobic fungi: Zygomycetes

• “pin molds”

Aspergillus fumigatus

Opportunistic saprobic fungi: Aspergillus

• The most common species of fungus that causes disease in humans

Aspergillus flavus.

Opportunistic saprobic fungi: Aspergillus

• yellow to green

Aspergillus terreus

Opportunistic saprobic fungi: Aspergillus

• tan to cinnamon