Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry

Petrochemicals

- a strategic sector of the economy that could anchor the country's industrial development.

- has strong linkages upstream, midstream and downstream.

plastic resins

The petrochemicals industry centers around the production of ________, which is used as inputs to the downstream plastic industry to form different products

JG Summit Olefins Corp.

The establishment of the Philippine's first naphtha cracker facility.

Olefins

Ethylene, propylene, and butadiene, along with butylene, are collectively called _______, which belong to a class of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n.

Olefin

contain one or more double bonds, which make them chemically reactive.

Ethylene, Propylene, Butadiene

Under Olefins:

Aromatics

are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more rings.

Benzene, Toluene, Xylene

Under Aromatics:

Olefins, Aromatic, Methanol

generally referred to as primary petrochemicals

Basic Chemicals and Plastics

are the key building blocks for the manufacture of a wide variety of durable and nondurable consumer goods.

Petrochemicals

are a set of chemical compounds that fuel a wide array of products across the globe. They are made of hydrocarbons that are separated and extracted from petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas and are at the core of multiple industries.

Benzene

This is a major part of gasoline and is also used to make nylon fibers.

Methane

a greenhouse gas that can be used as fuel and is often included in rocket fuel

Ethylene

used to make plastics and films, as well as detergents, synthetic lubricants, and styrene (used to make protective packaging)

Propylene

a colorless, odorless gas used for fuel and to make polypropylene

Polypropylene

a versatile plastic polymer used to make products ranging from carpets to structural foam

Butanes

hydrocarbon gases that are generally used for fuel and in industry

Butadiene

used in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers

phenol and cumene

are used to create a substance that is essential for manufacturing penicillin (an extremely important antibiotic) and aspirin.

petroleum

The principal source of alkanes with accompanying natural gas.

Cycloalkanes

known in petroleum industry as naphthene

natural gas, petroleum, coal

3 Major Sources of Alkanes

90%

Fossil fuels account for approximately ___ of total energy consumed in the US

Cracking

a process whereby saturated hydrocarbon is converted into an unsaturated hydrocarbon plus H2.

Petroleum

a thick, viscous liquid mixture of literally thousands of compounds, most of them hydrocarbons, formed from the decomposition of ancient marine plants and animals.

Gases

boiling below 20°C are taken off at the top of the distillation column. This fraction is a mixture of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, predominantly propane, butane, and 2-methyl propane, substances that can be liquefied under pressure at room temperature.

Naphthas

- bp 20 to 200°C

- a mixture of C5 to C12 alkanes and cycloalkanes

- are the most valuable distillation fractions

Kerosene

is a mixture of C9 to C15 hydrocarbons.

Fuel oil

- bp 250 to 400°C

- mixture of C15 to C18 hydrocarbons.

- It is from this fraction that diesel fuel is obtained.

Lubricating oil and Heavy fuel oil

- distill from the column at the temperatures above 350 °C

Asphalt

black, tarry residue remaining after removal of the other volatile fractions.

Gases, Naphthas, Kerosene, Fuel oil, Lubricating oil, Asphalt

Distillation Fraction (top-bottom)

Gasoline

a complex mixture of C6 to C12 hydrocarbons.

octane rating

expressed the quality of gasoline as a fuel for internal combustion engines

Heptane

compound with a poor antiknock properties and was assigned an octane rating of 0

Isooctane

- 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

- has very good antiknock properties with an octane rating of 100

Upstream

refers to the processing that has anything to do with the exploration and production of oil and natural gas.

Midstream

refers to anything required to transport and store crude oil and natural gas before they're refined and processed into fuels and key elements needed to make products.

Downstream

- final sector of the oil and natural gas industry

- includes everything in turning crude oil and natural gas into thousands of finished products.