bio ch.5 food substances (carbo+lipids+proteins)

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

types of carbohydrates

glucose, fructose, galactose

types of monosaccharides

maltose, sucrose, lactose

types of disaccharides

starch, glycogen, cellulose

types of polysaccharides

2:1

hydrogen to oxygen ratio in carbohydrates

condensation, hydrolysis

joining and breaking down of two monosaccharides

benedict’s test

experiment of reducing sugar

storage form, plants

starch is the major ___ of carbohydrates in _____.

rice, wheat, potatoes

food that are abundance in starch (3 types)

storage form, animals

glycogen is the ____ in _____

plant cell wall

cellulose is a mojor component of ___ ___ ___.

liver, muscles

glycogen is abundant in ___ and ____

main energy source, energy reserves, dietary fibre

functions of carbohydrates (3 functions)

glucose test paper

test for glucose

brick-red precipitate

benedict’s test colour

iodine test

test for starch

brown to blue-black

colour change for iodine test

insoluble, organic solvents

lipids are _____ in water but soluble in ____ ____

triglycerides, glycerol, fatty acids

_____ are the common type of lipids, formed by one ____ and three ____ ____

fats, butter, oil, peanut oil

solid form of lipids ___, (eg._____)

liquid form of lipids____, (eg.____)

adipose tissues

lipids are stored in ____ _____ in our body as energy reserves

subcutaneous fat

adipose tissues are found under skin as ____ ____, or around the internal organs

shock absorber

lipids act as a ___ ____ to protect the internal organ

heat insulator

subcutaneous fat acts as a ____ ____ to reduce heat loss form body.

absorption, transport, lipid-soluble vitamin

lipids are involved in the a____, t_____, and storage of _____ _____

hormones, component of cell membranes

lipids produce some ______ and act as a _____

________ e.g. phospholipids

grease spot test

test for lipids

translucent spot, organic solvent

a ___ ___ will remain on the filter paper if lipds are present, then immerse the filter paper into an ___ ___ and take it out.

nitrogen, sulphur

proteins are organic substances made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and ____. some may contain _____.

amino acid, amino group, carboxyl group

___ ___ are the basic building blocks of proteins. each amino acid has an ____ ___ and a ___ ___

dipeptide, peptide bond

two amino acids are join tgt into a ____ by condensation. the link between the 2 amino acids is called a _____ ___.

polypeptide, coils, folds

the further addition of amino acids to a depeptide forms a _____, with ___ and ____ in a specific way into a 3D structure.

non-essential amino acids, essential amino acids

protein are made up of 20 amino acids, with 12 being _______ ___ ___m and 8 being ____ ____ ___

enzymes, antibodies, haemoglobin, hormones

protein can produce e___, a_____, h_____ and some h_____

kwashiorkor

a lack of proteins in the diet may lead to a deficiency disease called _____.

protein test paper

test for the presence of protein