UNIT 8 VOCAB FILE C1

subside

(v) /səbˈsaɪd/ [intransitive] to become calmer, quieter or less intense

• She waited nervously for his anger to ….

• When the rain had ….we continued our walk.

• I took an aspirin and the pain gradually …..

adroit

(adj) /əˈdrɔɪt/ clever and showing skill

• an …negotiator

accost

(v) /əˈkɒst/ …somebody to go up to somebody and speak to them, especially in a way that is rude or frightening: tiếp cận

• She was …in the street by a complete stranger.

• I'm usually …by beggars and drunks as I walk to the station.

aggravate

(v) /ˈæɡrəveɪt/ …something to make an illness or a bad or unpleasant situation worse

• Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further ….the problem of traffic congestion.

• Pollution can …asthma: bệnh hen suyễn.

• Military intervention will only …the conflict even further.

arrogance

(n) /ˈærəɡəns/ the behaviour of a person when they feel that they are more important than other people, so that they are rude to them or do not consider them: ngạo mạng =haughtiness /ˈhɔːtinəs/

• He has a reputation for rudeness and intellectual ….

• He has a self-confidence that is sometimes seen as …..

brim

(n) /brɪm/ the top edge of a cup, bowl, glass, etc.: miệng ly

• two wine glasses, filled to the …

defect

(v) /dɪˈfekt/…(from something) (to something) to leave a political party, country, etc. to join another that is considered to be an enemy: rời bỏ, phản bội, đào tẩu

• A number of writers and musicians …from the Soviet Union to the West in the 1960s.

• She ….from the party just days before the election.

on the spur of the moment

used to say that a decision, action, etc. is sudden and done without any planning: bất chợt

• We hadn't planned to go away - it was one of those …. decisions.

• We just jumped in a car ….and drove to the seaside.

designate

(v) /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/

1. to choose someone officially to do a particular job: chỉ định

   • Traditionally, the president …his or her successor: người kế nhiệm

   • be …as Thompson has been …as team captain.

   • be …to He was …to be the unit's English translator.

   • She has been ….to organize the meeting.

2. to say officially that a place or thing has a particular quality or purpose: chỉ định

   • …someone something Time magazine designated him one of the world's most influential people.

   • specially …This area of the park has been specially designated for children.

   • …something as something They officially designated the area as unsuitable for human habitation.

sprain

(v) /spreɪn/ to cause an injury to a joint (= a place where two bones are connected) by a sudden movement: bong gân

• He stumbled and …a knee.

corrupt

(adj) /kəˈrʌpt/ dishonestly using your position or power to get an advantage, especially for money: tham nhũng

• Both companies are under investigation for …practices.

• The whole system was ….- every official she approached wanted money before helping her.

bribe

(v) /braɪb/ to give somebody money or something valuable in order to persuade them to help you, especially by doing something dishonest: hối lộ

• …somebody into doing something She was …into handing over secret information.

• …somebody to do something She ….him to sign the certificate.

bewilder

(v) /bɪˈwɪldə(r)/ ,..somebody to confuse somebody: làm ai bối rối

• She was totally …by his sudden change of mood.

• His complete lack of interest in money …his family.

• He was rather ….at seeing her there.

arduous

(adj) /ˈɑːdʒuəs/ involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time: gian truân

• an …journey across the Andes

• The work was ….

• an …climb/task/journey

strive

(v) /straɪv/ to try very hard to achieve something: phấn đấu

• …for something We encourage all members to strive for the highest standards.

• …after/towards something They were always striving towards perfection.

• …against something striving against corruption

• …to do something Newspaper editors all strive to be first with a story

sustain

(v)

1….somebody/something to provide enough of what somebody/something needs in order to live or exist: duy trì sự sống, giúp nuôi sống, tồn tại

• Which planets can …life?

• The love and support of his family ….him during his time in prison.

• When she lost her job they could no longer …their expensive lifestyle.

• The soil was so badly eroded it could no longer …crop production.

2. …something to make something continue for some time without becoming = maintain: duy trì, giữ nguyên

   • She managed to …everyone's interest until the end of her speech.

   • Kangaroos can ….high speeds over long distances.

3. …something to experience something bad = suffer

   • to …damage/an injury/a defeat

   • The company ….losses of millions of dollars.

retain

(v) /rɪˈteɪn/ ..something to keep something; to continue to have something =preserve: giữ lại

• to …your independence

• He struggled to ..control of the situation.

restrain

(v) /rɪˈstreɪn/ to control the actions or behaviour of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something: kiềm chế keep under control

• When he started fighting, it took four police officers to …him.

• She was so angry that she could hardly …herself.

• You should try to …your ambitions and be more realistic.

• Growth in car ownership could be …by increasing taxe

constrain

(v)

1.to force somebody to do something or behave in a particular way: bị buộc phải

• be/feel …to do something The evidence was so compelling that he felt …to accept it.

• The company said that it was …to raise prices.

2. to limit somebody/something: bị giới hạn, hạn chế

   • be …(by something) Research has been …by a lack of funds.

   • Men and women are becoming less …by stereotyped roles.

   • …something There are a number of factors that …agricultural development.

   • be/feel …from doing something She felt …from continuing by the threat of losing her job.
     

soothe

(v) /suːð/ to make somebody who is anxious, upset, etc. feel calmer: làm dịu, xoa dịu

• The music …her for a while.

• Only when Maisie came to hold him and …his fears did he feel safe.

seethe

(V) /siːð/ to be extremely angry about something but to try not to show other people how angry you are

• She …silently in the corner.

• …with something He marched off, …with frustration.

• She was …at the insult.

have a prefence for

to like one thing or person more than another and choose it over the other

• Most of my friends … baseball

put in/ make an appearance

to be present somewhere for a short time: xuất hiện

• I didn't really want to go to the party, but I thought I'd better ….

• You'd think that at least one of the authors could have …. for last night's premiere.

get by on sth

to manage to live or do a particular thing using the money, knowledge, equipment, etc. that you have: vượt qua, xoay sở

• How does she …such a small salary?