lord save me

A Polish professor of philosophy, Carmelite nun, and martyr who advocated for the equality of men and women.

Edith Stein?

What was one of Edith Stein's major contributions to philosophy?

personal empathy drawn from phenomenology.

According to Edith Stein, what caused male domination in society?

the entrance of sin into the world.

What is Edith Stein's view on the relationship between men and women?

She believes men and women are 'co-essential members of one species' and 'helpmates' to each other.

What does Pope Francis say about the 'genius of woman'?

the feminine aspect of humanity reflect God's holiness.

claims that unless a person has a philosophy, certain horrible things will happen to him-being inevitably led into a blind stupidity and random fate, will suffer a miserable death with no comfort but a series of catchwords, and be left to his/her own instincts.

GK Chesterton

What GK Chesterton claims that the world needs is not a politician, but a

philosopher king

French Jesuit priest, philosopher, and paleontologist who was popularly known for his theory that man is evolving, mentally and socially, toward a final spiritual unity.

Fr. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Teilhard’s philosophy was centered on

metaphysic of evolution

TRUE OR FALSE: Teilhard asserted that this is not a function of a herd instinct, but a cultural convergence of humanity toward a single society

TRUE

the process of organic evolution ultimate leads to the convergence point

God

Christ is primarily to lead the material world to a

cosmic redemption

argued that one’s bodily incarnation and historical situation essentially condition who one is.

Gabriel Marcel

type of reflection that deals with objects and abstractions and reaches its highest form in science

primary reflection

type of reflection that yields a kind of truth (philosophical, moral, and religious) that cannot be scientifically verified but is confirmed insofar as it illuminates one’s life.

secondary reflection

TRUE OR FALSE: Marcel emphasized participation in a human isolation rather than community

FALSE

the life of an embodied spirit is lived within the context of

intersubjectivity

Our body is not merely an intermediary between the self and world but also between “me” and others

intersubjectivity

The fundamental capacity to make choices, deeply embedded in philosophical, religious, and ethical discussions. According to the Church, it includes the responsibility to make good and moral choices aligned with God’s law.

Human Freedom

Emphasizes liberation from external constraints or oppressive forces, focusing on removing barriers to autonomy.

Freedom From

Focuses on using liberty purposefully to pursue meaningful goals, personal fulfillment, and the common good.

Freedom For

A gift from God that enables humans to choose the good and act virtuously; closely tied to human dignity and responsibility.

Authentic Freedom

The inner guide or “voice of God” that helps a person distinguish right from wrong and make moral decisions.

Moral Conscience

A misuse of freedom that damages relationships with God, others, and society; leads to injustice and moral disorder.

Sin

Lesser offenses that do not destroy the state of grace in the soul but weaken a person’s relationship with God.

Venial Sins

Grave sins committed with full knowledge and deliberate consent, causing a complete separation from God.

Mortal Sins

God’s unmerited favor that offers forgiveness, renewal, and redemption from sin, received through sacraments and acts of faith.

Grace

The human capacity to use freedom rightly; empowers people to choose the good and grow in moral excellence.

Virtues

Virtues that pertain to one’s relationship with God and are essential for salvation: Faith, Hope, and Love.

Theological Virtues

Belief in God and all He has revealed; involves trust in His promises and divine truths.

Faith

Confident trust in God’s salvation and grace, providing perseverance through trials and a longing for eternal life.

Hope

The highest virtue involving selfless love for God and others, inspiring service and compassion.

Charity (Love)

Foundational virtues that all other moral virtues hinge on: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance.

Cardinal Virtues

The virtue of wise judgment and practical reason, helping individuals choose rightly in various circumstances.

Prudence

The virtue of giving each person what is due to them, upholding fairness, equity, and respect.

Justice

The strength to face challenges, difficulties, and moral decisions with courage and perseverance.

Fortitude

The ability to control desires and practice moderation, avoiding excess in all aspects of life.

Temperance

The era in Church history where early Christian men, known as the Fathers of the Church, used reason and logic to teach and defend religious truths, significantly contributing to the development of Christian theology.

Patristic Period

A Christian philosopher and theologian, once a sinner, who converted to Christianity and defended the doctrine of free will and original sin.

Saint Augustine

The Greek term for “ultimate good” or the highest goal in life. For Saint Augustine, this is union with God, the only source of true fulfillment and rest for the human heart.

Summum Bonum

Saint Augustine's description of sin as a state of separation or distance from God, goodness, and our true home.

Regio Dissimilitidunis

A former student of many Greek philosophies who converted to Christianity, believing it to be the true philosophy. He emphasized that humans possess a spiritual element (logos spermatikos) that reflects Christ, the divine Word.

Saint Justin Martyr

Greek for “seed of the Word,” this concept refers to the divine reason or trace of Christ present in all humans, allowing them to participate in truth and divine understanding even before Christ’s incarnation.

Logos Spermatikos

Early Christian thinker who emphasized that being made in the image and likeness of God is both a gift and a responsibility, and that we live fully by participating in God’s life through Christ’s example.

Saint Irenaeus

A key work by Saint Irenaeus that combats false teachings and emphasizes the life-giving nature of God, encouraging believers to live in a way that reflects God's glory.

Adversus Haereses

The Greek term for “goal” or “end,” often associated with the ultimate purpose or fulfillment of human life. For Christian philosophers, this is union with God.

Telos

The Christian belief that Christ, the Word made flesh, reveals the invisible God and serves as the bridge between the divine and humanity.

Incarnate Logos

They used faith + reason to understand the realities of God

THE PATRISTIC FATHERS

God is the Ultimate Good.

St.Augustine of Hippo

St.Augustine of Hippo’s spiritual autobio

Confessiones

God is the Logos

St. JustinMartyr

Greek for Word, Reason, or Logic

LOGOS

accrding to st justin - the physical part

Sōma

accrding to st justin - the life-giving self, including emotions and desires

Psychē

accrding to st justin - the highest part, where the Logos Spermatikos dwells

Pneuma

“seed of the word”

logos spermatikos

He empasized that God is

the “Giver of life.

”

St. Irenaeus of Lyons