Biology 121 Final Exam Mitchell

area where an organism could grow as a total area is a component of which type of range

a) Potential Range
b) Marginal Range
c) Realized Range
d)complete range
e) actual range

potential range

all traits that allow an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment are

a)heritable
b) variable
c) adaptive
d) unlimited
e) inherent

adaptive

At what level of biological organization does the emergent characteristic of life occur?

cell

At what level of biological organization does evolution occur?

population

What are the seven properties that need to be present in an object to be considered living?

order, evolution, response to environment, regulation, reproduction, energy processing, growth and development, reproduction

What genes are highly conserved across organisms and are the only way to find still in tact ancestral data?

ribosome genes

Is science objective or subjective mainly?

objective

Information that can be unambiguously proven is...

Established fact

What are the critical features of a good hypothesis?

Testable, falsifiable, relative certainty

When a hypothesis is potentially falsifiable but never absolutely proven so a lot of supporting data is needed to make it a theory it is called...

Relative certainty

The control that has no experimental factor present and is used to protect from flaws in experimental design is the...

negative control

In a medical experiment when one group is given a drug that is being that has not been tested yet and another group is given a drug that has already been proven, what is the group with the already proven drug called?

positive control

Descent with modification is.... This type of change is a fact.

Evolution

Individuals that have traits that allow them to reproduce more effectively and have traits that are heritable or adaptive that make the population more fit as a whole exhibit...

natural selection

nonliving components of an ecosystem

abiotic

living components of an ecosystem

biotic

When only ten percent of the energy at one trophic level travels to the next it is demonstrating which rule?

ten percent rule

When energy can openly enter or leave a system it is considered a...

open system

When energy can not enter or leave a system it is considered a...

closed system

The areas a species inhabits but NOT including the areas that the species could inhabit

actual range

A species that is not native to an area and is harmful to the native organisms and changes the ecosystem are...

invasive species

A species that is not native to an area but is not harmful to the native organisms and essentially has no effect on the ecosystem are...

alien species

Plants that use attaching mechanisms for reproduction only go where the animals go, therefore their habitat selection is affected by the animals...

behavior

Predation and competition between specieas are examples of...

negative interactions

When an area lacks pollinators or food sources for example those are areas that lack what kind of interactions?

positive interactions

Temperature, water availability, sunlight, wind, rocks and soil, and climate are...

abiotic factors

Temp, water availability, sunlight, and wind all contribute to what?

climate

The prevailing weather in an area is the...

climate

Major types of ecosystems are called what?

biomes

What are the two types of biomes?

Aquatic and terrestrial

Temperature/ climate, depth the sunlight penetrates, and nutrient distribution are the main controlling factors of what biome?

aquatic

Water/ rainfall, temperature, soil acidity along with seasonal patterns/storms/fire are controlling factors of what biome?

terrestrial

When the air circulation is going up that area is often what? These areas include the tropics. hint: up=...

wet

When air circulation is going down that area is often_____. These areas include deserts. hint: down=...

dry

Tilt of the Axis, global air circulation, ocean currents, and long term climatic change (ex. increase avg temp) contribute to what?

global climate pattern

The zone where light penetrates and photosynthesis is possible

photic

The zone where light does not penetrate and photosynthesis is not possible

aphotic

The bottom surface in aquatic biomes, can be in the photic as well as aphotic zones. Has detritus

benthic

Shallow zone in lakes that are photic and include the shore, light penetrates to the bottom and nutrients are not lost to the deep

littoral

Deep zone in lakes that are photic on the top and become aphotic as light quits penetrating the water, often has large sections of the laked locked off to the top containing nutrients but locked off due to temp gradient

limnetic

The low and deep portions of water are... (nutrient poor)

oligotrophic

The high and shallow portions of water are... (nutrient rich)

eutrophic

Terrestrial areas covered with shallow water or saturated with water

wetlands

Where rivers empty and deposit nutrients

estuaries

Intertidal, neritic, pelagic, and benthic are all zones of what of what aquatic ecosystem?

marine

Ecosystem with high rain fall and high species richness with small amounts of nutrients in the soil and is very productive

Tropical forest

Ecosystem with grass along with scattered trees, is nearly tropical

savanna

Ecosystem with low rain fall and plants do not cover the entire soil surface

desert

Ecosystem where rain fall is concentrated in the winter and plants are woody with deep roots, has a dry hot summer (grapes + olives)

chapparral

Ecosystem with enough water to support grass layer but cannot support forest

temperate grassland

Ecosystem with broadleaf trees that are deciduous and it is mostly farming area since much of it was destroyed by logging

temperate broadleaf forest

Ecosystem populated with pine trees and has a low species richness due to its more northern location and cold temperature

coniferous forest

Ecosystem that has layers of soil that never thaw out and is briefly very productive until winter hits

tundra

Population spacing where individuals are attracted to each other

clumped

Population spacing where individuals repel each other and are territorial and compete with each other

uniform

Population spacing where individuals are placed at random, it is often temporary as the population grows. individuals are neither attracted nor repelled from each other.

random

Survivorship curve where the chance of dying increases as age increases

type 1

Survivorship curve where chance of dying is the same rate throughout lifespan (Squirrel)

type 2

Survivorship curve where chance of dying decreases as age increases

type 3

Form of reproduction where individuals spend lots of energy on producing a large amount of offspring all at once. This type is favored by unstable environments

big bang reproduction

Form of reproduction that is favored by good survival but high competition and is often found in stable environments

repeated reproduction

Resource competition, territoriality, and disease/predation are all examples of what kind of birth and or death rates?

density dependent

Certainty of child survival, increasing cost of children, growing power and education of women, and birth control technology are all part of what human population growth stage?

Stage 3

Medical advances set off while the industrial revolution accelerated and paid for medical advances in this stage of human population growth

Stage 2