Lab 5: Endocrine System + cardiac conduction

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine organs

Tropic effects

are hormonal actions that stimulate other endocrine glands to release their hormones, regulating various physiological processes.

Goldfish experiment

Goldfish is place in solution filled with insulin, resulting in too low of blood sugar

Leopard Frog experiment

LH Hormone is injected that causes ovulation, results in release of eggs by frogs

Atria

Upper chamber of heart where blood enters

Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from body

Left Atrium

receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Ventricles

lower chambers that pumps blood out

Right Ventricle

sends blood to lungs

Left Ventricle

Sends blood to body

pacemaker control

heart contractions caused by cardiac pacemakers

Myogenic Heartbeat

a heartbeat initiated by the heart muscle itself, independent of external nervous stimulation.

Authorhythmic

generates regular depolarization to threshold to cause neurons to fire

SA node

initiates heartbeat and normal heart rate

AV Node

electric gateway to ventricles

AV bundle/Bundle of His

pathway spreads signals from AV node

Purkinje Fibers

transmit signals to ventricle muscles for contraction

Why are there spirals in the myocardium?

The spirals in the myocardium allow for a twisting contraction of the heart, facilitating efficient pumping of blood during each heartbeat.

P wave

Atrial depolarization, represents Atrial Systole

QRS complex

Represents ventricular depolarization and onset of ventricular contraction.

T wave

Ventricular repolarization

Arrhythmia

A condition where the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow, affecting the heart's ability to pump efficiently.

Frog Heart Difference

Frog heart has 3 chambers

What is A?

Pineal gland

What is B?

Hypothalamus

What is C?

Pituitary gland

What is D?

Thyroid Gland

What is E?

Thymus

What is F?

Adrenal glands

What is G?

Pancreas

What is H?

parathyroid glands

What is I?

Ovary

What is J?

Testis