MENDELIAN INHERITANCE GENETICS

Genome

Complete complement of an organism’s DNA

Chromosomes

Cellular DNA is organized in ______________

Genes

____________ have specific places on chromosomes

Gregor Mendel

Once upon a time (1860’s), in an Austrian monastery, there lived a monk named _____________.

Genotype

_________ : genetic make up of an individual whether it is diploid or haploid

Phenotype

___________ : physical appearance of a trait in an individual (Expression of your genes)

Homozygous

__________ : pair of identical alleles for a character (PP, pp)

Heterozygous

____________ : two different alleles for a gene (Pp)

Character

___________: heritable feature (i.e., Fur color)

Trait

_________ : Variant for a Character (i.e., Brown)

True-bred

___________ : all offspring of same variety

Hybridization

____________ : crossing of 2 different true-breds

P generation

(Parents)

F1 generation

(1st filial generation)

F2 generation

(2nd filial generation)

Dominant Genotype

_______________ : at least one dominant allele is present (R-)

Recessive Genotype (Homozygous)

_______________ : both recessive alleles must be present (rr)

Law of Dominance

___________ : In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation. Offspring that are hybrid for a trait will have only the dominant trait in the phenotype.

Law of Segregation

____________ : Alternative versions of genes (alleles) result in variations in inherited characteristics. For each character, an organism inherits 2 alleles (One from each parent)

The alleles for each character segregate (separate) during gamete production. Alleles for a trait are recombined at Fertilization becoming genotype for the traits of the offspring.

Fertilization

The alleles for each character segregate (separate) during gamete production. Alleles for a trait are recombined at ____________ becoming genotype for the traits of the offspring.

Law of Independent Assortment

____________ : alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (& offspring) independently of one another.

Punnett Square

A __________ is a tool for diagramming the possible genotypes of offspring.

Complex Inheritance

Beyond simple inheritance : ______________ -patterns of dominance often go beyond simple dominant or recessive traits.

Incomplete Dominance

_____________ : Has “degrees”, it is not complete

Codominance

_____________ : two alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways.

Antigens

__________: molecules that trigger a specific immune response. Include components of bacterial cell walls, plus proteins of viruses, fungi, protozoa. Food, pollen, and dust can also contain antigenic particles.

Food, Pollen and dust

________________ can also contain antigenic particles.

Antibodies

______________: also called “Immunoglobulins” (Ig). Proteinaceous molecules that bind antigens. Considered part of the humoral immune response since bodily fluids such as lymph and blood were once called humors.

It can also act as “Labels” to identify antigens for elimination from the body.

Other Antibodies

• Work as antitoxins

Other Antibodies

• Attach to bacterial flagella

Other Antibodies

• Cause agglutination (clumping together)

Self and Non-self

The interaction of Antibodies and Antigens is how your body tells the difference between _______________.

Blood Type Inheritance

_______________ : has three alleles A, B, and O. Genotype represented using IA, IB, and i.

AB

Co-dominant

O

Recessive

IAIA or IAi

Genotype of Type A

IBIB or IBi

Genotype of Type B

IAIB

Genotype of Type AB

ii

Genotype of Type O

Agglutination

If you are infused with incompatible blood, __________ occurs.