Galileo and Telescopes

1543

Since the Earth doesn't appear to be moving, Nicolaus Copernicus' theory of a sun-centered cosmos needs to be proved.

1608

The first telescopes were made by Dutch eyeglass manufacturers.

Dutch eyeglass manufacturers

The first telescopes were made by _____.

Christiaan Huygens

A Dutch scientist, creates ever-larger telescopes that can detect more intricate and fainter objects.

1656

Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist, creates ever-larger telescopes that can detect more intricate and fainter objects.

1668

The first reflecting telescope was created by Isaac Newton, which is a device that is significantly less impacted by chromatic aberration distortion.

Isaac Newton

The first reflecting telescope was created by _____, which is a device that is significantly less impacted by chromatic aberration distortion.

1733

The first flint glass/crown glass achromatic lens is created, greatly enhancing refracting telescopes' potential for high-quality images.

1/60°

The naked eye’s resolution.

two lenses

Hans Lipperhey, Jacob Metius, and Sacharias Jansenn introduced the idea of combining ____.

Objective Lens

The large lens at the frog that collects the light.

Resolution

The detail a telescope can detect.

Telescope

Its resolution is proportional to the diameter of the objective lens.

33-fold

Galielo created a new telescope with a ____ increase in magnification, and it was this improved model that allowed him to find the Jovian moons.

January 7, 1610

On the evening of _____, Galileo made the discovery of Jupiter's moons.

Siderius Nuncius (The Starry Messenger)

Galileo quickly made his Jupiter discovery public in his book ______.

Cosimo II de' Medici

Galileo dedicated the book to _____, a former student.

Medicean Stars

In recognition of the four regal Medici brothers, Galileo gave the moons the name "_____."

Galilea

Keplerian

Two different types of early refracting telescopes

Simon Marius

In 1614,_______, a German astronomer published Mundus Iovialis, this is where he described Jupiter’s moons, also claiming to have discovered them before Galileo even did.

Mundus Iovialis

Simon Marius, a German astronomer published _____, this is where he described Jupiter’s moons, also claiming to have discovered them before Galileo even did.

Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

The Roman god Jupiter's love conquests inspired Marius to name the moons _____; these names are still in use today.

Galilean Moons

Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

Jovian clock

A "____" would function from anywhere on Earth because Jupiter is at least four times as far from Earth as the sun.

John Harrison

When English clockmaker _______ introduced precise chronometers around 1740, the longitude conundrum was finally resolved. This happened a long time before the precise orbits of Jupiter's moons were known.

Jonathan Swift

In the chapter on Laputa of Gulliver's Travels, which was published in 1726, _____ made the assumption that Mars would have two moons simply because Jupiter had four and Earth had one.

Asaph Hall

In 1877, he made the accidental discovery of Phobos and Deimos, two tiny moons of Mars, while using a brand-new 26-in (66-cm) refracting telescope at the US Naval Observatory in Washington.

stellar parallax

a phenomenon where stars appear to swing from side to side every year, should be caused by this orbital motion.

Amalthea

a fifth satellite, was found by American astronomer E. E. Barnard used a 36-inch (91-cm) refractor at the Lick Observatory in California in 1892.

February 15, 1564.

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on ______