U3 Socialization - Final Review Version

socialization

learning the values, beliefs, norms of our society

rites of passage

rituals marking passage from one status to another

rites of passage examples (4)

birth, graduations, weddings, funerals

life cycle*

describes all stages of development from birth to death

Challenges faced during childhood

going to school for first time, acting appropriatelly, learning to read/ write

Challenges during adolescence (2)

mental health - anxiety, depression, social pressures - peer pressure, bullying

challenges during transitional adulthood (3)

independence, finding jobs/career, relationships

Challenges during middle years adulthood (2)

children moving out - lonely, paying tuition

changes during old age (2)

slower cognitive ability, poor health

How do feral and isolated children illustrate "how society makes us human"?

importance of human interaction - learning communication, basic social function, relationships

How does Cooley's the looking glass self explain socialization into the self?

social construction of self with learned constructs - using judgement to appraise self

Freud's psychoanalytic theory - id (2)

basic inborn drives - source of instinctive psychic energy, seeks pleasure

Freud's psychoanalytic theory - ego (2)

realistic aspect of mind - balances other forces to be realistic

Freud's psychoanalytic theory - superego

conscience - represents internalized demands of society - "morality principle"

Mead's role of the other - significant other

roles/expectations taken on based on the importrant people in our lives

Mead's role of the other - generalized other

roles/expectations based on broader context of society - our actions around others

Goffman's dramaturgy - backstage

places where we prepare and rehearse for our performances around other people

Goffman's dramaturgy - frontstage

places where we play particlar roles for audience based upon the situation

How does Masculinity shape socialization?

creates distinct roles - men: active, direct - pressure for stoicism

How does Femininity shape socialization?

creates distinct roles women - passive, beautiful - expectations of caregiving and compliance

gender role's relation to inequality

reinforces limiting stereotypes - unequal divisons of labor, wages, oppertunities

How does Feminist theory relate to inequality?

cultural norms, language, institutions = inequalities in gender related issues

How does Patriarchy relate to inequality?

directly creates gender inequality by establishing dominace of men

agents of socialization (5)

provides the structure for socialization - Family, schools, peers, mass media, religion

(AoS) How does the agent of family affect us?

first unit of contact - teaches norms and values based on social class and gender

(AoS) How does the agent of school affect us?

teaches children independence, responsibility, provides education

(AoS) How does the agent of peers affect us?

allows for more independence, formation of subcultures based on interests

(AoS) How does the agent of mass media affect us?

influences political views, tastes in popular culture, beliefs

(AoS) How does the agent of religion affect us?

establishes morals and communiy identity with symbols and tradition

Hidden curriculum

informal and unintended values and social norms taught in school

resocialization

replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones with a transition in life.

total institutions

isolate people to strip them of their norms and values and replace them with new ones - "desocialization"