Effective Communication & Intrapersonal/Interpersonal Dynamics

Vocabulary flashcards covering intrapersonal communication, interpersonal dynamics, verbal/nonverbal cues, digital communication, and active listening strategies based on lecture notes.

Intrapersonal Communication

The continuous internal process of thinking, reflecting, feeling, and communicating with oneself before interacting with others.

Self-talk

The inner voice that influences an individual's thoughts, emotions, decisions, and actions.

Self-reflection

The process of looking back on past experiences to understand and learn from them.

Visualization

Creating mental images to prepare oneself for future situations.

Loob

In Filipino psychology, refers to inner thoughts, feelings, values, and intentions (inner self).

Sarili

In Filipino psychology, refers to identity and awareness of one's own capabilities, traits, and responsibilities (self).

Kapwa

In Filipino psychology, refers to the recognition of others as equals and shared identity.

Negativity Bias

A self-perception bias where an individual overly focuses on their mistakes.

Confirmation Bias

A self-perception bias where an individual only notices evidence that supports their existing negative beliefs.

Spotlight Bias

A self-perception bias where an individual assumes everyone notices and focuses on their mistakes.

Fixed Mindset

A self-perception bias where an individual believes their abilities are static and cannot improve.

False Consensus

A self-perception bias where an individual incorrectly assumes everyone thinks the same way they do.

Interpersonal Communication

The process of exchanging messages between two or more people to create shared understanding and build relationships.

Communication Climate

The emotional atmosphere created during interpersonal interactions.

Confirming Communication Climate

An interaction climate that encourages trust, openness, and cooperation, making people feel respected, heard, and valued.

Disconfirming Communication Climate

An interaction climate that discourages participation, creates misunderstandings, and weakens relationships, making people feel ignored or dismissed.

Recognition (Communication)

Showing awareness of another person's presence through verbal and nonverbal cues such as eye contact, greeting, or smiling.

Acknowledgement (Communication)

Showing attentiveness to another person's statements by listening, asking questions, and responding appropriately.

Endorsement (Communication)

Validating another person's feelings and emotions, reassuring them that their feelings are legitimate.

Verbal Communication

The use of spoken or written language to express and exchange information, thoughts, and feelings, with meaning shaped by word choice.

Concrete Language

Using vivid and observable details instead of broad or general words to ensure clear verbal communication.

Denotative Meaning

The direct, literal, dictionary definition of a word.

Connotative Meaning

The emotional, secondary, or associative meaning attached to a word beyond its literal definition.

Affective Language

Language choices used to communicate feelings, express care, and encourage emotional responses.

Figurative Language

Creative expressions—such as metaphors, similes, hyperbole, euphemisms, and idioms—used to make ideas more impactful and engaging.

Evocative Language

Descriptive language appealing to the senses to help the audience visualize and feel an experience.

Whole Message

A complete message combining four core components: observations, thoughts, feelings, and needs/requests.

Partial Message

A message that leaves out important components of a speaker's overall experience, such as expressing only a thought without feelings or needs.

Contaminated Message

A message in which observations are mixed with judgments, blame, or assumptions rather than describing facts objectively.

Nonverbal Communication

The use of facial expressions, gestures, body language, tone of voice, and other physical or vocal cues to express and exchange information.

Kinesics

The channel of nonverbal communication involving body movements, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, and posture.

Vocalics

Also called paralanguage; refers to the vocal qualities that accompany speech, such as tone, pitch, volume, and speaking rate.

Proxemics

The nonverbal channel focused on the use of physical space and interpersonal distance during interaction.

Haptics

Communication through physical touch, ranging from functional-professional to intimate touch.

Chronemics

The nonverbal channel dealing with the use of time, punctuality, response rates, and pacing to communicate attitudes.

Digital Communication Cues

Unspoken, virtual signals—such as emojis, punctuation, response times, formatting, and platform choice—that replace missing face-to-face nonverbal cues online.

Hearing

A passive, automatic physiological process focused strictly on receiving sound.

Listening

An active cognitive process requiring attention and effort to process and understand spoken messages and visual cues.

Appreciative Listening

A type of listening engaged in for enjoyment or inspiration.

Empathic Listening

A type of listening performed to understand another person's feelings and emotions.

Comprehensive Listening

A type of listening focused on remembering and understanding information.

Critical Listening

A type of listening used to evaluate, analyze, and judge the validity of information.

Cognitive Overload

A cognitive barrier occurring when too much complex information is presented too quickly for the mind to process.

Pseudo-Listening

A behavioral barrier where a person pretends to listen while their mind is focused elsewhere.

Narcissistic Listening

A behavioral barrier where a listener continuously redirects the focus of the conversation back to themselves.

Aggressive Listening

A behavioral barrier where a listener attends to a speaker mainly to find mistakes or weaknesses to criticize.

Three A's of Active Listening

The core components of active listening: Attention (full focus), Attitude (open mindset), and Adjustment (adapting to delivery and pace).

Nomination (Communicative Strategy)

A conversation management strategy involving cleanly starting a discussion or introducing a new topic.

Restriction (Communicative Strategy)

A conversation management strategy that sets limitations on the topic, acceptable answers, or participation format.

Topic Control

A communicative strategy focused on guiding and keeping the conversation centered on the main topic.

Backchanneling

Verbal or nonverbal signals (such as 'mhm', nodding, or short acknowledgments) showing that a listener is following the conversation.

Repair (Communicative Strategy)

A communicative strategy used to correct or clarify a mistake or misunderstanding made during speech.

Constructive Feedback

Well-intentioned feedback that clearly identifies areas for improvement and offers practical, actionable, and respectful suggestions.

I-Statements

A communication framework used to express feelings and concerns clearly from a personal perspective without placing blame on others.