EH 14 decolonization

When was Democratic Republic of the Congo decolonized

1960

case of Lumumba

days after independence of congo announced, prime minister lumumba faces mutiny and civil war. US and Soviets were both interested in congo for its resources, and lumumba turned to soviets for help. He was shot the same day with Belgian involvement

Describe the economic gaps between countries following WWII

Within the west, the gap was decreasing as western countries followed in america’s footsteps in terms of GDP, culture, tech, consumerism

Between the west and the rest of the world, the gap was widening

Following WWII, most of the world was still _____

underdeveloped

Underdeveloped countries differed greatly in terms of ________

culture, religion, political structure, size

3 things that underdeveloped countries had in common

1. southern hem or equatorial; primary sector economies and high pop  growth

2. colonies, former colonies or protectorates

3. unstable political regimes

Explanation for India not developing a secondary sector during this time

• primary sector +high population growth = low consumption

  • FDI unattractive and was more appealing to predatorily extract resources

Post-war, population growth rates ______ in underdeveloped countries

grew exceptionally

Why did underdeveloped countries develop a near complete dependence on foreign aid?

high pop growth + poverty + no industry

Which empires did WWI erase

austro-hungarian, ottoman, russian

at outbreak of WWI, a significant portion of the world was under _______

colonial/imperial control

WWII was the last _____

Great War fought by empires created during the first wave of globalization

How did the cold war prompt new attitudes towards colonization

countries primarily started to concede independence (followed by decentralizing power and maintaining control)

Suez Crisis 1956

Britain and France , Israel all attempt to invade Egypt when egypt tries to nationalize the suez canal. US and USSR condemn the act, US intervenes and ends the colonial pursuit

USA opposed French re-establishment in Indonesia due to ___

Cold War interests

decolonization began immediately after ____ through the _____

WWII through the 60s

Why did decolonization fail to bring prosperity?

• no trained ruling class (Lumumba)

• structural issues

• reliance on domestic consumption

• high population + poverty

• extreme political instability; rise of dictators (Lumumba)

Bandung Conference

A meeting of Asian and African states in 1955 that promoted economic and cultural cooperation and opposed colonialism. Agreement of non-alignment— not allowing either US or Soviet influence

in 1955,China and India had ____ roles in the global economy

marginal

Similarities between China and India in the fifties

• overpopulated giants, rural dominance

• long history of decline and subordination

• post-WWII transformation to reassert national identity

• pursuit of growth

China in the fifties

• 1953+ reinforced collectivism, nationalized land and enterprise, 5-year Soviet inspired plan

• 1958 Great Leap Forward

  • communist economic campaign

  • aimed for industrialization

  • led to widespread famine and economic disaster

India in the fifties

1951: 5-year plan focused on primary sector

1956+: state owned enterprise within a socialist mixed economy

import substitution industrialization

low growth

Success cases in east asia in the fifties

SK and Taiwan