Microbiology

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Autotrophs

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27 Terms

1

Autotrophs

• utilize inorganic source of carbon

• primary producers

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2

Heterotrophs

• derive nutrients from other organisms

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3

Phototrophs

• Use light as energy source via pigments

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4

Chemotrophs

• Obtain energy from chemical compounds

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5

Organotrophs

Acquire electrons from same organic molecules that provide them carbon and energy

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6

Lithotrophs

Acquire electrons from inorganic substance (H2, H2S)

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7

Chemoorganotrophs

Obtain energy from organic compounds

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8

Extremophiles

Organisms inhabiting extreme environments

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9

Methods of Culturing Microorganisms (Five “I” s)

  • Inoculation

  • Incubation

  • Isolation

  • Inspection

  • Identification

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10

Cell

– basic and fundamental unit of life

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11

Mycoplasma

bacteria with no cell wall (0.1-0.5 micrometers)

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12

Mycoplasma cell

membrane

stabilized by sterols and resistant to lysis (process of cell

destruction)

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13

Pleomorphism

property of extreme shape variation

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14

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

adheres lung cell causing pneumonia to humans

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15

Protoplast

gram-positive cell wall losing itself completely from lysosome or penicillin contact

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16

Peptidoglycan

–polymer of 2 monosaccharides subunit

Fully permeable to ions, aa, and sugar

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17

Gram Stain

– staining technique by Hans Christian Gram delineating two

major groups of bacteria

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18

Gram-positive

o Thick layer of peptidoglycan

o Negatively charged teichoic acid on surface

o Regulate cation movement

o Polysaccharides provide antigen

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19

Gram-negative

o Thin peptidoglycan

o Outer membrane

o Periplasmic space

o Lipid A acts as endotoxin

o O polysaccharides antigens for typing

o Less sensitive to medication

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20

Nucleoid

nuclear region containing DNA

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21

Plasmids

small, non-essential, and circular DNA

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22

Ribosomes

intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein

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23

Inclusion Bodies

granules containing nutrients, monomers, Fe compounds

(magnetosomes)

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24

Mesosome

internal folds by cell membrane in cytoplasm

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25

Cytoplasm or Cytoplasmic Matrix

  • dense, gelatinous solution surrounded by cell membrane

  • Hold internal structures of bacteria

  • 70-80% of water serving as solvent to many complex mixtures of nutrients

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26

Chemical pool

site for many biochemical and synthetic activities

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27
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