bio gna kill me

internal chemical reactions of the cell from the external environment

the cell membrane separates what

nucleoplasm

what is the nucleus filed with

dna is contained where

inside the nucleus

dna is transcribed into

rna

where is dna transcribed into rna

inside the nucleus

carries protein building instructions to the ribosomes

rna

nuclear membrane has tiny holes called

nuclear pores

proteins and rna

ribosomes are made up of

covered in ribosomes

rer

what is involved in the making of proteins

the rer

no ribosomes

ser

function is to make lipids

the ser

proteins that are produced in the rer are transported to

golgi apparatus

modify, sort and package proteins

function of the golgi apparatus

small spherical sacs

vesicles

bud from the golgi

lysosomes

digestive enzymes are held till they are needed to break down food molecules

lysosomes hold

responsible for destroying old organelles

lysosomes are

aren’t produced by the golgi

peroxisomes

break down alcohols and kill bacteria

peroxisomes are supposed to

produce hydrogen peroxide

perixisomes

storage area

vacuoles

cellular respirstion

mitochondria

C6H12+O6→6CO2+energy

cellular respiration

their own dna

mitochondria’s

network of protein tubes and fibers

cytoskeleton

helps maintain its shape

the cytoskeleton

micro filaments and microtubules

two types of fibers

solid thread like

microfilaments

two short cylinders

centrioles

organize the microtubules during cell division to form a frame work for separating chromosomes

centrioles are supposed to

supporting structure

the cell wall

contain their own dna and surrounded by double membrane

plastids

all living things

are composed of one or more cells

robert hooke

used by robert hooke in 1665

Leeuwenhoek

made simple microscopes

cells were called little beasties by

leeunwenhoek

all living organisms perform

chemical reactions, response to their environment, reproduction, homeostasis, share common history

ingestion

taking in of food

digestion

breaking down food into small molecules that can be used by the cell

cyclosis

the movement of materials inside a cell

respiration

breaking down glucose into simpler substances and releasing energy the cell can use

biosynthesis

using the energy form foods to form new cell parts

excretion

removal of liquid waste

egestion

removal of solids

size of cell is limited

by its surface area and volume ratio

cell membrane is

responsible for movement of materials in and out of cel

when a cell grows its volume

increases faster than surface area

prokaryotic

dotn have nucleus bound organelles

eukaryotic

have nucleus bound organelles

organelles in eukaryotic cells are

specialized organelles with specific functions

cell membranes also

regulates the passage of materials and made mostly of lipids and proteins

dna is transcribed into rna in

the nucleus

dna becomes chromatin when

the cell is not dividing

unicellular organisms

are singled cell organisms

colonial organisms

genetically identical organisms and have little coordination of cell activities

cell specialization:

the evolutionary adaptation of a cell

advantage of cell specialization

can be much more efficient at its job

disadvantages of specialization

cells are dependent on one another, when one cell fails to do its job, it affects other cells

tissue

a group of similar cells that carry out a specific function

organ

group of tissues functioning as a unit

organ system

group of organs that work tgt to carry out related tasks

multicellular organisms are formed by

organ systems

the membrane consists of

phosphor bilayer

some membrane proteins are also

enzymes

carbohydrates

identification to protect the cell

homeostasis requires

self regulation of things going in and out of the cell

passive transport

high-low concentration

active transport

low-high concentration

non polar molecules

oxygen carbon dioxide

polar molecules

glucose

isotonic

equal

hypertonic

has higher solute and loves water

hypotonic

dislikes water and is low solute

cytolysis

too much water is in the cell, explodes

platmolysis

too much leaves the cell, shrinkage

facilitated diffusion

molecules that don’t diffuse through membranes

endocytosis

process of taking material

endocytosis is

the process of releasing large materials form the cell

endocytosis occurs when

a vacuole fuses with the cell membrane and forces the content out of the cell

the word cell was first used in 1665

by robert hooke

cork looked to be made of thousands

tiny rooms

cells were called “little beasties” by

anton van

botanist

someone who studies plants

schwann concluded

all animals were composed of cells

living organisms obtain energy through

their surroundings

all living organisms perform

chemical reactions, respond to their environment, reproduce, maintain stable internal environment in a process, share a common history

all living organisms

change and evolve over time

digestion

breaking down food into small molecules that can be used by the cell

cyclists

the movement of materials inside a cell

respiration

breaking down glucose into simpler substances and release the stored energy in the form the call can use

biosynthesis

using the energy from foods to form cell parts

secretion

a substance made in one place, but used in another

size of cell is limited by its

surface area to volume ratio