Judicial Branch
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30 Terms
Article ____ established the Judicial Branch
3
examples of civil cases
equity, lawsuit, divorce
examples of criminal cases
murder, vandalism, assault, shoplifting
jury of your peers
group of regular citizens who hear a court case and decide whether the accused is innocent or guilty
cases that the Federal Courts hear
maritime, multiple states, constitutional issues
what are the 3 federal courts?
General District, Court of Appeals, Supreme Court
what are the state courts?
Juvenile/Domestic & District, Circuit, Court of Appeals, Supreme Court
what did Miranda v. Arizona do?
mandatory to read Miranda Rights upon arrest
what did Gideon v. Wainwright do?
all defendants will br granted a lawyer even if they cannot afford one
what did Marbury v. Madison do?
established judicial review
who is the current Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court?
John Roberts
who was the first Latina woman on the US Supreme Court?
Sonia Sotomayor
who was the first African American woman on the US Supreme Court?
Kentaji Brown Jackson
who was the first woman on the US Supreme Court?
Sandra Day O’Connor
who was the first African American on the US Supreme Court?
Thurgood Marshall
who was the first Chief Justice on the US Supreme Court?
John Jay
who was the only justice to have also served in Congress and as President?
William Howard Taftw
what is original jurisdiction?
authority to hear a case for the first time
what is appellate jurisdiction?
authority to hear a case for the second, third, etc. time
how many SC Justices are there today?
9
what is the first step to becoming a SC Justice?
nominated by the President
what is the second step to becoming a SC Justice?
approved by the Senate
how long is a term for a SC Justice?
life
what is judicial review?
power of the SC to declare laws unconstitutional
what is a civil case?
disagreements between two parties
what is a criminal case?
a law is broken
where do federal courts get their power?
US Constitution and federal laws
where do state courts get their power?
state Constitutions and state laws
who has the power to create lower federal courts?
Congress
precedent
legal principle established by a court decision that is used to decide future cases