POSC 2501 Key terms Class 4

State

A lasting political community with legitimate authority and control over force within a territory, supported by stable institutions and citizens’ loyalty 

States-system

a group of independent states that interact regularly through diplomacy, trade, or war and recognize common rules and institutions that govern their relations

International society

When a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another and share in the working of common institutions

Early modern era

late 15-early 16th centuries

State-formation

the process by which political power becomes centralized and legitimate, transforming fragmented authorities into a sovereign state.

Centralization 

The collective authority and administration by a central government

Military revolution thesis

Military developments contributed to state formation. In the seventeenth century, changes in warfare resulted in larger armies and longer campaigns. To acquire funds to finance wars, leaders centralized their administration by creating bureaucracies

Italian Wars

The emergence of diplomacy 1949-1559

Religious Wars 

the emergence of sovereignty 1522-1648

“Cuius regio, eius religio”

Whose state, his religion– solidified by the treaties of westphalia. But France supported protestants despite being Catholic so this was already established in 1555

War of the Spanish Succession

Conflict fought to prevent the unification of french and Spanish thrones

Treaties of Utrecht

1712- first codification of the balance of power, ended the war of the Spanish sucession

Seven years war

A conflict between france and Great britain that began in 1753 as a dispute over North American land claims in the region around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1756-1763)

French Revolutionary Wars

the emergence of Nationalism

Napoleonic wars

Creation of the concert of Europe

WWI

World War I (1914–1918) was a global conflict triggered by great power rivalries, nationalism, and rigid alliance systems. It marked the collapse of old empires (Russian, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman), the beginning of the end of colonialism, and caused widespread economic disruption and disillusionment with power politics. It also directly contributed to the Spanish flu pandemic and reshaped the modern international order.

WWII

beginning of the Cold War, creation of the UN, “birth” of the liberal international order

Resident ambassador

Appointed by italian city-states to permanently reside in other city states and develop chancelleries o record and process diplomatic reports 

Extraterritoriality

Exemption from local laws

Concert of Europe

System of international cooperation among the major European powers develo[ed after the Napoleonic wars (1815). Its purpose was to maintain the balance of power, preserve peace, and prevent revolutionary movements or major wars on the continent

Congress of Vienna

With the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the great powers of Europe began to cooperate with each other to prevent another major conflict 1815

Great Power

France, britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia

Latin American Independence

Between 1810 and 1825. the new latin American states are recognized as independent by the European states in treates. This is the first major instance of non-European states in treaties and being accepted as equally sovereign states in the modern world 

Scramble for Africa

The competition among European powers for colonial possessions in Africa between 1880 and WWII

Berlin Conference

divides Africa among the European powers (1884-85) Major players include Britain, france, Portugal, Belgium, Germany, and Italy 

Paris Peace Conference 

1919 set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings after the end of WWI that resulted in the treaty of Versailles 

Treaty of Versailles

Germany accepts repsonsibility for the war, required to pay reparations,, Austria Hungarian empire is dissolved, Divides former Ottoman territories and Germany's African colonies into European mandates, Creation of modern borders in the Middle East

Old Diplomacy

Pre WWI of the Concert of Europe, aristocrats, secret agreements, and the balance of power is discredited

New Diplomacy

Diplomacy should be conducted by elected politicians and in the open (like Paris 1919)

Kellog Briand Pact

Agreement that states resolve not to use war as an instrument of foreign policy 

League of Nations

Founded in 1920 as a result of the treaty of versailles, Woodrow WIlson’s chief demand at Paris 1919, The primary goal: prevent violent conflict. Ironically the US does not join

Collective Security

The idea that transgressions against one will be pushed by all

Decolonization

The process of becoming an independent, post-colonial, state