Human growth and development chapter 5 quiz

Compared to younger drivers, older drivers

 

show a decline in motion sensitivity.

 

need to expend more cognitive effort when driving.

 

overestimate the time needed for an approaching vehicle to reach its location.

 

All answer choices are correct.

all

Stella has just returned from the doctor and was told she has cloudy areas in the lenses of her eyes. Stella has

 

glaucoma.

 

dark adaptation.

 

macular degeneration.

 

cataracts.

cataracts

Which reflex involves many responses from the whole body?

moro

Eighteen-month-old Bridger is running in the park when he reaches a steep embankment. He stops, looks up, and then drops to his hands and knees and begins crawling up. This illustrates the concept of

affordances

Fifteen percent of people over 65 are legally deaf, usually due to degeneration of the primary neural receptor for hearing in the inner ear, referred to as

 

the cochlea.

Eleanor and James J. Gibson purport that all objects and surfaces offer opportunities for people to perform activities on them based on each person’s capabilities. They refer to such opportunities as

affordances

In the Gibson and Walk experiment, most of the babies who were encouraged to crawl across the glass over the visual cliff would

 

not crawl across it.

Infants root in order to

 

find something to suck.

Which of the following is used in habituation studies?

 

sucking behavior

 

heart and respiration rates

 

the length of time an infant looks at an object

 

All answer choices are correct.

all

What percentage of adults over 70 years of age have some type of hearing problem?

 

63 percent

Joey is the best batter on his little league team. Which of the following is a consequence of playing organized sports that Joey may encounter?

 

unrealistic expectations for success as an athlete

Playing organized sports can have which of the following negative effects on a child?

 

undue pressure and stress to achieve and win

According to the ecological view of sensory-perceptual development, how do we perceive and eventually represent objects in our minds?

 

We directly and accurately perceive information that exists in the world around us, known as affordances, which guide the way we interact and adapt to the world.

Dr. Dre is interested in how people assemble motor behaviors for perceiving and acting. He is taking a(n) __________ to perceptual development.

 

dynamic systems approach

Baby Mary recognizes the table as in the same shape, even though the table appears in different shapes depending on the angle from which it is observed. This is an example of

 

shape constancy.

Thora's grandson has noticed that Thora uses increasingly brighter colors and larger shapes in her paintings. Thora may be compensating for

 

a reduction in the quality or intensity of light reaching the retina.

Activities that use large muscles develop

 

gross motor skills.

According to dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?

 

Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.

Six-day-old Shayli has been breastfed and is presented with two nursing pads. One is soaked with her mother's breast milk, and the other is clean. Shayli will most likely

 

prefer to smell her mother's nursing pad.

Which of the following best explains why 4-year-old Tanisha might knock over a tower of blocks she is building and start again?

 

She tries too hard to place every block perfectly.

Peak physical performance usually occurs during

20s

Will is going to have surgery to remove a thick layer on his eye that is causing cloudy vision. He has

cataracts

Dr. Smith believes that the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way is innate. Dr. Smith seems to uphold the

As measured on the Snellen chart, a newborn's vision is estimated to be

 

nativist view.

As measured on the Snellen chart, a newborn's vision is estimated to be

 

20/240.

Third-grader Thania forms her cursive letters in small, even rows. What best accounts for her improving dexterity?

 

increased myelination

For fostering faster motor development in infants, which of the following practices can be effective?

giving infants opportunities for exercise

 

stroking, massaging, or stretching the babies

 

frequently exercising the babies’ trunk and pelvic muscles

 

All answer choices are correct.

all

Six-day-old Shayli has been breastfed and is presented with two nursing pads. One is soaked with her mother's breast milk, and the other is clean. Shayli will most likely

 

prefer to smell her mother's nursing pad.

According to Esther Thelen, motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting. Her theory is called__________ theory.

 

dynamic systems

Baby Jacci, who is 2 days old, is shown four drawings: a blue square, a white oval, a drawing of a face, and a bright red circle. Based on Fantz's work, which will she probably prefer to look at?

 

the face

Kyle has progressive presbyopia. What is likely to help correct this condition?

 

bifocal glasses

 

intraocular glasses

 

laser surgery

 

All answer choices are correct.

all

At 3 years old, children scribble all over the page; but 4-year-olds can make more precise drawings, because 4-year-olds have more developed

 

fine motor skills.

Dr. Dre is interested in how people assemble motor behaviors for perceiving and acting. He is taking a(n) __________ to perceptual development.

 

dynamic systems approach

Su-Fang would like to hang one picture above her baby's crib. Which of the following would attract the most attention from the infant?

 

a drawing of a face

A program that has been shown to reduce at-fault accidents in older adults by more than 40 percent is

 

cognitive training.

From the top of the Ferris wheel, the people on the ground look small, but Allison knows they are regular-sized humans. This is an example of

 

size constancy.

How long does it take for most infants to establish a sucking style that matches how mothers hold them, how the milk is coming out of the bottle or breast, and the infant's temperament?

 

several weeks

Activities that use large muscles develop

 

gross motor skills.

Gross motor skills include activities such as running, whereas fine motor skills include activities such as

 

 

cutting with scissors.

What percentage of adults over 70 years of age have some type of hearing problem?

63 percent

The scientific perspective on infant reflexes has changed over time to suggest

 

more deliberation and control on the part of the infant.

Brent's biological functions are beginning to decline. How old is he?

30

Eyedrops are used to treat

glaucoma

Forty-seven-year-old Dixie is able to read better when she holds the book further from her face. The recent decline in her visual acuity is common among individuals her age and is known as

 

presbyopia.

Marta is developing new abilities, such as sitting and standing, but is not yet able to climb or ride on riding toys. Assuming that Marta has no developmental delays, these facts tell us that Marta is in her

 

first year.

Which taste preference develops at about 4 months of age?

salty

What mechanisms help infants survive before they have an opportunity to learn adaptive behavior?

reflexes

The Moro reflex is a response to__________, whereas the grasping reflex is a response to__________.

 

sound or movement; touch

Sensation occurs when information

 

interacts with sensory receptors—the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.

Christopher knows that the ball he is holding is smaller than the dog across the street, even though the retinal image of the dog is actually smaller than that of the ball. This is an example of

 

size constancy.

Baby Chloe startles when she hears a loud sound. She arches her back, throws back her head, and flings out her arms. Which reflex is she demonstrating?

moro

Baby Ty reaches and grips a toy using his whole hand. This ability is called the

 

palmer grasp.

Infants root in order to

find something to suck

Which of the following is true of Karen Adolph and Justine Hoch's description of motor development, which reflects the dynamic systems theory of motor development?

 

Four key aspects of motor development are that it is embodied, embedded, enabling, and enculturated.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?

 

Perception cannot occur unless sensation takes place first.

According to dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?

 

Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.

Infant boys often drift into a deep sleep after circumcision. This is most likely

 

a mechanism to cope with the pain.

Many preschool children are __________, and first graders __________.

 

farsighted; can focus their eyes and sustain their attention on close-up objects

Infants are likely to reach motor milestones at different ages depending on the culture. This is probably due to

 

activity opportunities and physical manipulation.

Baby Jasmina is sitting in her high chair and picks up Cheerios using her thumb and forefinger. This newfound ability is due to the development of

 

the pincer grip.

Rachel Clifton and colleagues (1993) demonstrated that infants

 

do not have to see their own hands in order to reach for an object.

Janice strokes the cheek of newborn Robby. He turns his head toward that cheek and opens his mouth. This is an example of the __________ reflex.

rooting

Which of the following is true of fine motor skill development during middle and late childhood?

 

Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.

Will is going to have surgery to remove a thick layer on his eye that is causing cloudy vision. He has

cataracts

Two-year-old Saunder rubs his eyes, squints, tilts his head, and blinks excessively. Saunder's parents should

 

make an appointment with an ophthalmologist.

Dr. Samuelson is interested in how perception guides action and how action guides perception. He is taking a(n) __________ to perceptual development.

 

ecological approach