Biology Test

What is fact?

An objective, verifiable observation

What is principal?

A statement based on repeated experimental obervation that describes an aspect of the world

What is law?

Broad concept or principal that describes how something occurs in nature

What is theory?

An explanation of an observed phenomenon on research

What is qualitative?

Describes quality using the senses

What is Quanitative

Uses numbers and measurements to quanify something

What is an independent variable?

It is deliberately changed or manipulated in an investigation

What is a dependate variable?

What changes in response to the IV; what is measured

What is constant

Aspects of an experiental that are kept constant/ consistent

What is an experimental group?

Groups being tested

What’s control group?

Standard/ “ normal” group used for comparison

What is technology?

The application of scientific discoveries to meet human needs and goals through the development of products and porcesses

What is engineeering?

Applies scientific and mathematic principles to solve problems

What is science?

A study of the natural word based in experiental and thus, supported by evidence

Explain the relationship between independent and

dependent variables within a hypothesis.

The independent variable is the cause and the dependent

variable is the effect.

“If this happens (the IV = the cause) then this will happen

(the DV = the effect).”

Differentiate between an observation and an inference.

An observation is objective, and is not an opinion is based on the 5 senses

Explain the difference between accuracy and precision, and the significance of having data that is both.

Precise data is specific and consistent among trials. Accurate data is correct, meaning it is close to the accepted value.

What are the general steps in designing and conducting an experiement.

Make observations, ask questions. Conduct background research to see what has already been found and define purpose for the experiement. Conduct hypothesis. test the hypothesis in an experiment. Analyze the data collected. Draw conclusions and communicate them to others.

Give an example of a scientific investigation design, with appropriate constants and variables (IV and DV).

Anh observes that her brother, who is a swimmer, can hold his breath for a really long time. She wonders if other types of athletes can hold their breath for just as long. She decides to conduct an investigation of different types of athletes and how long they can hold their breath.

IV = type of athlete (which sport they play)

DV = how long they can hold their breath

Constants = age of athletes, temperature and conditions where the data is collected, pre-existing health conditions of any of the athletes, physical activities (or amount of rest) done prior to collecting the data, etc.

What are the general steps of the technological design process, and the criteria that must be considered when the designing a solution.

Define/ identify the problem or need. Design a solution for the problem- must consider time, budget, and material during the design process. Implement the design by building the solution and testing it out. Evaluate the end result.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and occupies space

What is atom?

The smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element.

What is the most basic unit of life?

Cell

What is the measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid/ resist of an external force?

Surface tension

What is a uniform homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Solution

What gets dissolved in a solution

Solute

What does the dissolving in a solution?

Solvent

What is “water loving; a substance that has an affinity for water

Hydrophilic

What is water fearing; a substance that does not have an affinity for water

Hydrophobic

List the six elements necessary for life and give examples of 3 molecules that contain those elements

CHONPS- C: carbon, H: Hydrogen, O: Oxygen, N: Nitrogen, P: Phosphorous, S: Sulfur

List the levels of organization that make up an organism, starting with an atom and ending with an organism.

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

What is the different between polar and nonpolar molecules

Polar is the unequal distribution of charges, polar molecules dissolve in water because water is polar. Nonpolar is no seperation fo charge

What is cohesion

Makes water molecules stick to each other, creating high surface tension in water

What is adhesion?

Makes water molecules stick to other types of molecules, allowing for capillary action in plants.

What is High specific heat?

It means it takes a lot of energy to change the tempature of water, and thus its tempature doesn’t fluctulate much and acts as a buffer to climate change.

Why does water float?

less dense as a solid so ice floats on liquid water, making it possible for lide to exist under frozen substances

What is water?

A universal solvent becuase it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.

What is macromolecules?

Large organic molecules that make up all living things.

What is a monomer?

Small basic sub-units that makes up polymers.

What is a Polymer?

Larger more complex structure made of monomers

What is a monosaccharide?

Simple sugar molecule; the monomer of carbohydrate

What is a polysaccharide?

Larger sugar molecule; the polymer of carbohydrates

What is the monomer and polymer of carbs?

Monosaccharide and polysaccharide

What is the monomer and polymer of lipids?

Fatty acids( but no true monomer), triglycerides

What is the monomer and polymer of proteins?

Amino acids and Polypeptide

What is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides and Nucleic acids

What are the main function of carbs?

It is an energy storage molecule(short term) it is a structure, signaling transport.

What is the main function of lipids?

It is an energy storage molecule, long term, as well as insulation, cushioning, structure and protection.

What is the main function of proteins?

They run your body and pretty much do everyrhinf else.

What is the main function of nucleic acids?

It’s an informational molecule: the instructions for making proteins, store, transmit and making me ME.

What’s an example for carbs?

sugars and starches

What’s an example for lipids?

Fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids.

What’s an example of proteins?

Hemoglobin, insulin, and collagen

What’s an example of nucleic acids?

DNA AND RNA

How much energy storage does carbs have?

4 cal

How much energy storage does lipids have?

9 cal

How much energy storage does proteins have?

4 cal

How much energy storage does Nucleic acids?

0 cal

What’s the order of which the body will consume energy.

Carbohydrates first because they are the easiest to access for energy. Proteins as a last resort because they are used for so much besides energy. Nucleic acids NEVER because they don’t even store any energy!

What is a Macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane

Phospholipid

Explain why its structure gives the membrane a unique property.

This makes the membrane selectively permeable

(picky) about what comes in and out since many

substances can’t do that easily.

Explain what makes proteins the most diverse macromolecule?

They are the most diverse in shape. Form dictates function. There are 4 levels to their structures gives them great variety.

List which macromolecule is not obtained from our food and where we do get it from.

Nucleic acids are NOT obtained from our food but are instead inherited from our biological parents half and half.