topic 2.8 Women and Demographic Change & Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

Flashcards covering the relationship between women and demographic changes, and Ravenstein's Laws of Migration.

Women and Education

When women have the opportunity to obtain higher levels of education, they are better able to care for their children, often have children later in life, and may choose to work, leading to fewer children.

Women and Employment

When women are employed, they bring in more money to their household, can help provide for their children's health and education, play more roles in society, and advance a country economically.

Women and Healthcare

Women face unique health risks, particularly due to childbearing, which can affect the size and structure of the population.

Maternal Mortality Rate

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to pregnancy. A lower rate indicates a better healthcare system.

Women and Contraception

When more women have reliable access to contraception, birth rates drop, allowing women to stay in school and the workforce longer, and participate in activities more easily.

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A theory that notes distinct demographic patterns, including gender and family status related to migration.

Gender Patterns in Migration

Women are more likely to move internally within a country, while most international migrants are generally young males, though this is changing as more females enter the workforce.

Age and Employment in Migration

Most migrants are young adults seeking employment, as they are more mobile and less established.

Distance Decay in Migration

People typically move only as far as they must; therefore, most migrants only move short distances.

Step Migration

When migrants travel far distances, they typically take steps on their way from one place to another.

Counter Migration

Each migration flow in one direction produces a counter flow in another direction.

Rural to Urban Migration

Historically and currently, the most prominent global migration pattern is from rural areas to urban areas, primarily for economic reasons.

Gravity Model of Migration

The hypothesis that more people will be attracted to large cities even if they are farther away because larger urban areas have more pull on migrants.