Phagocytes

Is innate immunity a short term or long term response to infection?

Short term

Does innate immunity respond to infection in a specific way or is it a general response?

General response

What is the relationship between a cytokine and chemokine?

Chemokine is the subset of cytokine

What does a chemokine cause?

Inflammatory response

What happens during margination?

WBC line up along blood vessels

What happens during extravasation?

WBC move into damaged tissues

What is PAMP?

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

What is PRR?

Pattern recognition receptor

Is PAMP or PRR on a pathogen?

PAMP

Is PAMP or PRR on a phagocyte?

PRR

Where are PAMPs found?

LPS, flagellin, dsRNA, lipoteichoic acid

What does TLR2 do?

Targets peptidoglycan on gram positive bacteria, zymosan in fungi

What does TLR4 do?

Targets LPS in gram negative bacteria

What does TLR stand for?

Toll-like receptor

How do PAMPs affect phagocytes?

Results in signal transduction, phagocyte activation, and inflammation

What kind of genes are turned on in signal transduction?

Proteins that promote phagocytosis (receptor), cytokines, and chemoattractant

What are some toxic forms of oxygen?

Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid

How do various bacteria protect themselves from phagocytosis?

Carotenoid pigments, glycolipids, leukocidines, and capsules