Hydraulic Systems, Fluid Principles, and Angular Quantities Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering hydraulic systems, Archimedes' and Pascal's principles with real-world applications, and linear versus angular rotational quantities.

Hydraulic Systems

Systems that use pressurized liquid to transmit and control force, enabling them to perform work in machinery, vehicles, and industrial applications.

Liquid Pressure

A crucial force for transmitting mechanical motion and power, generated when force is applied to a confined liquid.

Hydraulic Reservoir

A hydraulic system component that holds and stores the hydraulic fluid, typically oil.

Hydraulic Pump

A hydraulic system component that moves fluid throughout the system.

Hydraulic Actuator

A component such as a cylinder or piston that converts fluid pressure into mechanical force and motion.

Hydraulic Valves

Components in a hydraulic system that control the flow and direction of hydraulic fluid.

Hydraulic Pipes and Tubes

Pathways designed for hydraulic fluids to travel through within a system.

Master Piston

The input piston in a hydraulic system where an initial force is applied.

Slave Piston

The output piston in a hydraulic system that receives fluid pressure to exert a force.

Pascal's Principle

A principle stating that if pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed container, that pressure is distributed equally in all directions, expressed as $P = \frac{F}{A}$.

Hydraulic Damping

A process in devices like door closers where fluid flows through narrow internal channels inside a cylinder to slow piston return motion.

Archimedes' Principle

A principle stating that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced, calculated as $F_b = \rho \times g \times V$.

Ballast Tanks

Compartments used in submarines to control buoyancy by filling with water to increase density (sinking) or emptying water to decrease density (rising).

Hydrometer

An instrument used to measure the density of liquids by floating deeper in less dense liquids and shallower in more dense liquids.

Hydraulic Brakes

A vehicle braking system where foot pressure is transmitted equally through brake fluid to apply strong, even braking force on all wheels.

Hydraulic Press

A manufacturing machine that uses Pascal's principle to apply small input forces on a small piston to generate enormous output forces for shaping metals.

Angular Displacement

The angle through which an object moves along a circular path, denoted by $\theta$ and measured in radians ($\text{rad}$) or degrees.

Angular Velocity

The rate of change of an object's angular position with respect to time, denoted by \text{\theta} over time or \text{\rho}, measured in $\text{rad/s}$.

Angular Acceleration

The time rate of change of angular velocity, denoted by \text{\theta} or \text{\rho} changes, measured in $\text{rad/s}^2$.

Translational Motion

Motion along a straight line characterized by linear variables such as displacement ($x$), velocity ($v$), and acceleration ($a$).

Rotational Motion

Motion around a fixed axis characterized by angular variables such as angular displacement ($\theta$), angular velocity (\text{\theta}), and angular acceleration (\text{\theta}).

Linear Displacement Relationship

The relationship $s = r \theta$ that converts angular displacement ($\theta$) into linear distance ($s$) given radius ($r$).

Linear Velocity Relationship

The relationship v = r \text{\theta} that converts angular velocity (\text{\theta}) into linear tangential velocity ($v$) given radius ($r$).

Linear Acceleration Relationship

The relationship a = r \text{\theta} that converts angular acceleration (\text{\theta}) into linear tangential acceleration ($a$) given radius ($r$).

Torque

The rotational equivalent of linear force, denoted by $\tau$ and measured in newton-meters ($\text{N}\text{m}$).

Angular Momentum

The rotational equivalent of linear momentum ($p = m v$), expressed mathematically as L = I \text{\theta}.